GAP, 368 Bytes
For mathematicians, this is multiplication in the polynomial ring F_2[x], identifying polynomials with natural numbers by evaluating at x=2 as a polynomial over Z.
Sure, let's do that! (this is only loosly golfed, the point was more to move into F2[x] and do the calculations more than any attempt at being a winning entry)
Here's the code
f:=function(i,j)R:=PolynomialRing(GF(2));x:=IndeterminatesOfPolynomialRing(R);x:=x[1];a:=function(i)local n,r;r:=0*x;while not i=0 do n:=0;while 2^n<=i do n:=n+1;od;n:=n-1;r:=r+x^n;i:=i-2^n;od;return r;end;b:=function(r)local c,i,n;i:=0;n:=0;for c in CoefficientsOfUnivariatePolynomial(r) do if c=Z(2)^0 then n:=n+2^i;fi;i:=i+1;od;return n;end;return b(a(i)*a(j));end;
Here's the ungolfed code with explanation:
xor_multiplication:=function(i,j)
R:=PolynomialRing(GF(2));
x:=IndeterminatesOfPolynomialRing(R);
x:=x[1];
to_ring:=function(i)
local n,r;
r:=0*x;
while not i=0 do
n:=0;
while 2^n<=i do
n:=n+1;
od;
n:=n-1;
r:=r+x^n;
i:=i-2^n;
od;
return r;
end;
to_ints:=function(r)
local c,i,n;
i:=0;n:=0;
for c in CoefficientsOfUnivariatePolynomial(r) do
if c=Z(2)^0 then
n:=n+2^i;
fi;
i:=i+1;
od;
return n;
end;
return to_ints( to_ring(i)*to_ring(j));
end;
Okay, so first off, we create the univariate polynomial ring over the field F2 and call it R. Note that GF(2) is F2 in GAP.
R:=PolynomialRing(GF(2));
Next, we are going to assign the GAP variable x to the indeterminate of the ring R. Now, whenever I say x in GAP, the system will know I am talking about the indeterminate of the ring R.
x:=IndeterminatesOfPolynomialRing(R);
x:=x[1];
Next, we have two functions, which are inverse maps of each other. These maps are both onto, but they are not structure preserving, so I couldn't figure out a better way to implement them in GAP. There almost certainly is a better way, if you know it, please comment!
The first map, to_ring takes an integer and maps it to its corresponding ring element. It does this by using a conversion to binary algorithm, where every 1 that would appear in binary is replaced by an x^n where n is the appropriate power that 2 would take if the number was indeed binary.
to_ring:=function(i)
local n,r;
r:=0*x; # initiate r to the zero element of R
while not i=0 do # this is a modified binary algorithm
n:=0;
while 2^n<=i do
n:=n+1;
od;
n:=n-1;
r:=r+x^n;
i:=i-2^n;
od;
return r;
end;
The next function reverses this. to_ints takes a ring element and maps it to its corresponding integer. I do this by getting a list of the coefficients of the polynomial and for each nonzero coefficient, the result is increased by 2^n, in the same way that we would convert binary to decimal.
to_ints:=function(r)
local c,i,n;
i:=0;n:=0;
for c in CoefficientsOfUnivariatePolynomial(r) do
if c=Z(2)^0 then
# ^-- Right here you'll notice that the Z(2) is basically '1' in GF(2). So Z(2)^0 ~ 1 and Z(2)*0 ~ 0
# effectively, this line checks for nonzero coefficients
n:=n+2^i;
fi;
i:=i+1;
od;
return n;
end;
For the final step, we call these functions. We take the two integer inputs, convert them into elements in the ring R, then multiply these elements together, and send the product back to the integers.
return to_ints( to_ring(i)*to_ring(j));
PCLMULQDQfrom the CLMUL extension. Unfortunately I got downvoted for my knowledge of the x86 instruction set before (Related toPEXT/PDEP), so I'm going to just leave this as a comment here. \$\endgroup\$