75
\$\begingroup\$

Inspiration: in 1939, a man named Ernest Vincent Wright wrote a novel called Gadsby without using the letter 'e'.

Your task is to write a set of (up to 5) programs in any language (which has a text-based syntax*) to output all 26 letters of the alphabet in order. However for each vowel aeiou, at least one of the programs must not include any occurrence of the vowel.

So there must be

  • a program that does not use 'a' or 'A' anywhere in the syntax of the program.
  • a program that does not use 'e' or 'E' anywhere in the syntax of the program.
  • a program that does not use 'i'  or 'I' anywhere in the syntax of the program.
  • a program that does not use 'o' or 'O' anywhere in the syntax of the program.
  • a program that does not use 'u' or 'U' anywhere in the syntax of the program.

All of them must output abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.

The winner shall be the solution where the length of all programs is the shortest.

* since the constraint wouldn't be much of a challenge in Piet or Whitespace

\$\endgroup\$
21
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ if one manages to make a single program that does not contain any vowel, do we need multiply the length of the program by 5? \$\endgroup\$ Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 10:55
  • 5
    \$\begingroup\$ @w0lf: No, it says "up to 5 programs" and "length of all programs", which I read as "there can be only one program and its length counts in this case". \$\endgroup\$
    – schnaader
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 11:09
  • 10
    \$\begingroup\$ @PeterTaylor: You don't think having to avoid using vowels in your syntax is a unique challenge? As a JS programmer, it's especially interesting :) \$\endgroup\$
    – mellamokb
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 13:51
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ Are newlines acceptable in the output (i.e. one per character)? I can shorten some of my code if that is the case... \$\endgroup\$
    – Gaffi
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 21:17
  • 3
    \$\begingroup\$ I'm the OP. Uppercase not allowed. \$\endgroup\$
    – shamp00
    Commented Sep 17, 2016 at 5:21

123 Answers 123

4
\$\begingroup\$

PHP, HTML (50)

No 'aeiou':

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

\$\endgroup\$
12
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ @joar, I can't tell if you're trying to be humorous, it seems to have been lost on me. \$\endgroup\$
    – zzzzBov
    Commented Apr 27, 2012 at 13:39
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ @joar, it's not magic, but it is valid PHP. You can't pipe anything through the PHP interpreter, you need to pipe valid characters in the correct encoding. HTML happens to be valid PHP because it's used as a subset of the language. \$\endgroup\$
    – zzzzBov
    Commented Apr 27, 2012 at 13:53
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ Nope, HTML is a subset of PHP, PHP includes everything that HTML can do, in addition to other capabilities. PHP has to parse the entire contents of the page to find the <? tags, so the HTML is parsed, and then passed through. Hamlet can be piped through PHP in the same way that you can pipe Hamlet through an HTML file and have it be HTML. Comments are not the appropriate location for these extended discussions, so send me an email if you wish to resolve your confusion. \$\endgroup\$
    – zzzzBov
    Commented Apr 27, 2012 at 14:16
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ PHP does not parse the HTML, it scans it for the next PHP block start tag. see the definitions of parse. \$\endgroup\$
    – joar
    Commented Apr 27, 2012 at 14:43
  • 4
    \$\begingroup\$ PHP does indeed output the text. The problem is, this PHP program doesn't output the whole alphabet. It outputs some of the letters, along with various other characters like #. The entity decoding is done by HTML. You could use html_entity_decode to get around this (of course it has 3 vowels, so you'd need to deal with that). \$\endgroup\$ Commented Apr 29, 2012 at 3:32
4
\$\begingroup\$

Postscript, 46 45

(\141bcd\145fgh\151jklmn\157pqrst\165vwxyz)=
\$\endgroup\$
1
  • \$\begingroup\$ You can shorten that by one character by removing the space. \$\endgroup\$
    – Joey
    Commented Apr 26, 2012 at 9:00
4
\$\begingroup\$

Scala,38+17=55

No 'aeio':

'\u0061't\u006f'z'm\u0061p pr\u0069nt

No 'u':

'a'to'z'map print

Output: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

\$\endgroup\$
5
  • 2
    \$\begingroup\$ Your answer only satisfies 'e' and 'u'. You need to add a version that does not use 'a', 'i' and 'o'. \$\endgroup\$
    – shamp00
    Commented Apr 26, 2012 at 9:55
  • \$\begingroup\$ @shamp00: +1 Now fixed \$\endgroup\$ Commented Apr 26, 2012 at 12:18
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ You still need the no 'u' version too. The task is to have as many programs as necessary to cover all 5 vowels. Then you add the lengths together for the total score. \$\endgroup\$
    – shamp00
    Commented Apr 26, 2012 at 13:09
  • \$\begingroup\$ Regarding what @shamp00 says, just add back in your ('b'-1).toChar to'z'map print and you're good to go! \$\endgroup\$
    – Gaffi
    Commented Apr 27, 2012 at 12:23
  • \$\begingroup\$ @Gaffi: ok. let me add my original version. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Apr 28, 2012 at 1:58
4
\$\begingroup\$

Ruby, 47 characters

(1) Only contains 'a' and 'u', 24 chars:

puts [*97..122].pack'c*'

(2) Only contains 'o' and 'i', 23 chars:

$><<[*97.chr..'z'].join

There's a slight difference in output in that the first one adds a newline and the second doesn't. Could add the newline to the second at a cost of 4 characters; removing it from the first would be harder.

\$\endgroup\$
4
\$\begingroup\$

Brainfuck, 25 bytes

One byte improvement c/o Sp3000.

+[+<+<+[>]<-<+<+]>[+>+.<]

Try it online!

The initial bit +[+<+<+[>]<-<+<+] initializes the tape to:

[0, 106, 106, 0, 230, 96, 0, 135, 0]
              ^

This is an ideal tape (as 230 is 256-26).


26 bytes

--[->-[<]>+>-]>[+++<<+.>>]

Try it online!

Exactly one byte per letter. The initial bit --[->-[<]>+>-] initializes the tape to:

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 96, 0, 178, 0]
                    ^

178 is conveniently 256 - 26·3.

Alternatives

-[-[+>--<<<]>>>]>[->-.++<]
+[+[->++<<]>>+>+]<+[-<+.>]
\$\endgroup\$
2
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ 25: +[+<+<+[>]<-<+<+]>[+>+.<] \$\endgroup\$
    – Sp3000
    Commented Sep 19, 2016 at 0:23
  • \$\begingroup\$ My pruning logic seems off - it was detected as an infinite loop. I may need to re-crunch some results >.< \$\endgroup\$
    – primo
    Commented Sep 19, 2016 at 1:30
4
\$\begingroup\$

Java (OpenJDK 8), 137 bytes

$->""+($=97)+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$+ ++$

Try it online!

Similar to another answer of mine in Java. (Ab-)uses the lack of a "no input" rule.

\$\endgroup\$
2
  • \$\begingroup\$ Brilliant! Upvoted both your answers. Very original, especially for a Java answer. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Sep 13, 2017 at 14:00
  • \$\begingroup\$ @KevinCruijssen Thank you! I've had a hard time making the first one (the other one), but this one was very, very similar. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Sep 13, 2017 at 14:12
4
\$\begingroup\$

JavaScript (single program, no vowels whatsoever) 104 99 92 90

Edit 1: []["s\157rt"]["c\157nstr\165ct\157r"]('\141l\145rt("\141bcd\145fgh\151jklmn\157pqrst\165vwxyz")')()

Edit 2: 3[$="c\157nstr\165ct\157r"][$]('\141l\145rt("\141bcd\145fgh\151jklmn\157pqrst\165vwxyz")')()

3[$="c\157nstr\165ct\157r"][$]('\141l\145rt`\141bcd\145fgh\151jklmn\157pqrst\165vwxyz`')()

Edit 1: Previously used "filter" as my array trigger to access global object, reduced it to "sort" for a saving of 5 chars.

Edit 2: Reduced initial array to 3 to obtain constructor primitive and reused constructor recursively to shave off 7 chars, many thanks to @Firefly for the inspiration.

Edit 3: Reduced (" and )" in single-quoted string to backticks, shaving a further 2 characters.

\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

C, 136 115 104 characteres

A C program must have a main function. So my code is valid, except for these a and i. Prints a newline at the end. Can save some characters by removing it.

No e,i,o, 50 chars:

f(x){putchar(x?123-x:10),x--&&f(x);}
main(){f(0);}

No a,u, 54 chars:

f(x){printf("%c",x?123-x:10),x--&&f(x);}
main(){f(26);}
\$\endgroup\$
2
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ "A C program must have a main function" - This SO question taught me this isn't true, see my answer :) \$\endgroup\$
    – schnaader
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 11:11
  • \$\begingroup\$ @schnaader, the ANSI C standard says "The function called at program startup is named main". Your code does work, but I'm not sure how portable it is (not that the question requires portability). Anyway, I'll stick to main. \$\endgroup\$
    – ugoren
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 12:21
3
\$\begingroup\$

Javascript (139 chars), logging to console:

Uses no 'aeou' (95 chars):

q=''+{};w=q[1];this['c'+w+'ns'+w+'l'+q[4]]['l'+w+'g']('\x61bcd\x65fghijklmn\x6fpqrst\x75vwxyz')

Uses no 'i' (44 chars):

console.log('abcdefgh\x69jklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
\$\endgroup\$
3
  • \$\begingroup\$ I count here 95 and 79 characters, respectively. \$\endgroup\$
    – Gaffi
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 21:12
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ @Gaffi Thanks haha. I wrapped it in double quotes and used .length to get the length. Of course the \x75 and such were counting as one character haha, oops. \$\endgroup\$
    – Paul
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 21:52
  • \$\begingroup\$ It happens. :-) \$\endgroup\$
    – Gaffi
    Commented Apr 24, 2012 at 22:21
3
\$\begingroup\$

PHP, 47

All credits to mellamokb

<?="\x61bcd\x65fgh\x69jklmn\x6fpqrst\x75vwxyz";
\$\endgroup\$
1
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ You can shorten by using string concatenation instead of exiting tags: <?=chr(97).'bcd'.chr(101).... Also, you can make even shorter by using the hex escape sequences <?="\x61bcd\x65...". Here's some examples of alternative shorter solutions, the last is the shortest at 47 characters (note also that you can safely leave the final closing tag off to save 2 chars): ideone.com/7aAQh \$\endgroup\$
    – mellamokb
    Commented Apr 25, 2012 at 17:03
3
\$\begingroup\$

Factor, 264 characters

No ae, 60 characters:

USING: io ;
"\u000061bcd\u000065fghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" print

No io, 102 characters:

USE: eval
"USE: \u000069\u00006f
\"abcdefgh\u000069jklmn\u00006fpqrstuvwxyz\" pr\u000069nt" eval( -- )

No u, 102 characters:

FROM: math.ranges => [a,b] ;
FROM: io => print ;
FROM: strings => >string ;
97 122 [a,b] >string print

Every language, in the previous answers, uses less than 200 characters. Factor is the only language to use more than 200 characters and to use 3 programs. Factor is difficult, because outputting without io is a challenge, and programming without u is almost impossible.

The first 2 programs are variations of

USE: io
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" print

Alternatives to io are scarce; formatting still needs i and o, and prettyprint needs i. I saw string evaluation in a Python answer, and took the hint. With eval, I can escape away i and o, but I need a and e in eval, and u in \uxxxxxx escapes.

The hardest challenge is to remove u. This means no USE:, USING:, \uxxxxxx, nor sequences. My best program without u needs all of aeio. I would like a Factor program without aeu, but my only way to remove ae is to use u.

\$\endgroup\$
1
  • \$\begingroup\$ Sorry, wasn't thinking straight! RENAME: each-integer math => # 26 [ 65 + write1 ] # \$\endgroup\$
    – fede s.
    Commented Dec 1, 2017 at 17:34
3
\$\begingroup\$

Perl 5.10+, 8 + 22 = 30 chars

No e, i, o, u:

say a..z

No a, i, o, u:

s//"s\x61y \x61..z"/ee

Both of these need the -M5.010 switch (which is considered free) to enable the say feature. For older perls, it can be replaced with print for an extra four chars (and loss of trailing newline in output):

print a..z
s//"pr\x69nt \x61..z"/ee
\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

Bash 34 characters

This is my 34 characters long bash snippet, close to marinus snippet but shorter :

/*/?ch? $'\145ch\157 {\x61..z}'|sh
\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

Perl (25 24 ) (18?) (no wowels, little cheating)

script.pl contains:

$"="";s//@{["\x61"..z]}/

it has to be executed this way:

echo | perl -p script.pl

or

echo | perl -pe '$"="";s//@{["\x61"..z]}/'

If you don't mind spaces between letters in the alphabet, it can be shortened to 18 characters:

s//@{["\x61"..z]}/

($" variable defines separator to be used for printing arrays, space is default)

UPDATES:

  • s/^/ -> s//
\$\endgroup\$
1
  • \$\begingroup\$ You could whipe (useless) pipes! perl -pe 's//@{["\x61"..z]}/' <<<'' \$\endgroup\$ Commented Jul 8, 2014 at 22:46
3
\$\begingroup\$

Tcl, 49 chars

p\165ts \141bcd\145fgh\151jklmn\157pqrst\165vwxyz

Yeah, \ substitution works for commands. (And all other kinds of substitution as well)

\$\endgroup\$
3
  • \$\begingroup\$ demo \$\endgroup\$
    – sergiol
    Commented May 23, 2017 at 22:30
  • \$\begingroup\$ The shortest iterative algorithm I can devise is longer, even before applying the no vowels restriction, having 51 bytes: while {[incr n]<27} {puts [format %c [expr $n+96]]} \$\endgroup\$
    – sergiol
    Commented May 23, 2017 at 22:40
  • \$\begingroup\$ Shorter without restriction is 45:time {puts [format %c [expr [incr i]+96]]} 26 \$\endgroup\$
    – sergiol
    Commented Jul 21, 2017 at 18:39
3
\$\begingroup\$

Matlab: 11 characters

['' 97:122]
% Or equivalently
['' 97]:'z'

If it is allowed to output more than just the alphabet, this can be reduced to just 7:

'`':'z'
\$\endgroup\$
1
  • \$\begingroup\$ Very nice! Contatenating '' to convert to string \$\endgroup\$
    – Luis Mendo
    Commented Jul 26, 2015 at 3:51
3
\$\begingroup\$

Javascript, 96

No "aeiu"

throw('\x61bcd\x65fgh\x69jklmnopqrst\x75vwxyz')

No "o"

eval("thr\x6fw('abcdefghijklmn\x6fpqrstuvwxyz')")

Run it from console

Chrome

enter image description here

Firefox

enter image description here

\$\endgroup\$
2
  • \$\begingroup\$ How do I run this? I can't get it to work with JSFiddle, nor in onload(). \$\endgroup\$
    – shamp00
    Commented Aug 15, 2013 at 15:52
  • \$\begingroup\$ @shamp00 You can run it from you browsers console, i edited the answer and added 2 screenshots =) \$\endgroup\$
    – C5H8NNaO4
    Commented Aug 16, 2013 at 6:06
3
\$\begingroup\$

Fission, 21 bytes

~MR' @'`~~~~~~
S[+!
*

Control flow starts at R with a right-going atom. First we set the mass to 32 with '<space>. @ swaps mass and energy. '` sets the mass to 96, so our atom is now (96,32). We decrement the energy seven times with ~ to get (96,25) (note that the code is toroidal). M redirects the atom downwards and [ to the right. We're now on the second line. + increments the mass, the ! prints the corresponding character. By doing this repeatedly we print the alphabet starting at a. As long as the energy is still positive, the S will let the atom pass straight through, such that we keep looping through the second line. However, while doing so it will also decrement the energy. Once the energy is 0 (and we've printed z), S will instead deflect the atom downwards, where it hits *, which terminates the program.

\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

Cardinal, 22 20 chars

%n->,#~n'!@
 b ^+< y

output:

Executing program..

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Execution complete.
>
\$\endgroup\$
0
3
\$\begingroup\$

Mathematica, 61 bytes

Yeah, total thread necro. Just wanted to see if I could do it at all! (Mathematica command names tend to be pretty verbose and thus vowel-heavy....)

Each of the two commands

Alphabet[]

and

Union@@(StringSplit[#,""]&/@WordList[][[443;;692]])

outputs a list of the 26 lowercase letters in order. StringSplit[#,""]& splits its input string at every occurrence of "", that is, between every character (hence accomplishes the same as the command Characters@#, but without that nasty "a" or "e"). This is applied to a set of 250 words, namely the 443rd to 692th words of the built-in word list. (The 443rd word, "adequateness", is needed for its "q", while the 692nd word, "aftershock", is needed for its "k". None of the first 427 words contains an "x", and the 428th word, "add-on", has an unfortunate hyphen; so we had to start over to find a contiguous block that works.) Finally, Union removes repetitions and sorts the list to boot.

\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

Python shell, 94 78 chars

It prints the alphabet when running in an interactive shell (which prints the expression it evaluates).
Python isn't the tool for this task. Printing requires print, loop constructs require in or while, so i is quite a problem.

Both these expressions evaluate to the a-z string. The first doesn't use i,o, the second doesn't use a,e,u

"%c"*26%tuple(range(97,123))
''.join([chr(ord(c)-1)+c for c in'bdfhjlnprtvxz'])

Brute-force approach, 110 chars:

"%c"*26%(97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122)
\$\endgroup\$
3
  • \$\begingroup\$ eval's got no i. \$\endgroup\$
    – boothby
    Commented Apr 25, 2012 at 1:54
  • 4
    \$\begingroup\$ @boothby Yes it does: evil. There. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Apr 25, 2012 at 9:03
  • \$\begingroup\$ Languages are defined by their implementation. A Python shell is not a normal implementation of Python, so it's a "different language". meta.codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/7844/34718 \$\endgroup\$
    – mbomb007
    Commented Sep 16, 2016 at 16:15
3
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JavaScript (Node.js), 32113 bytes

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Try it online!

\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

Japt, 2 bytes

;C

Test it here

\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

We can now use languages made after the question was posted, right?

Charcoal, 1 byte

β

Try it online!

In Charcoal, β is a predefined variable containing the lowercase alphabet, so no vowels there.

\$\endgroup\$
1
3
\$\begingroup\$

JS (ES2018), 54 bytes

\141l\145rt`\141bcd\145fgh\151jklmn\157pqrst\165vwxyz`

Alerts "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".

So, you can update the JS score to 54 bytes.

\$\endgroup\$
3
\$\begingroup\$

Perl 5 -p, 21 bytes

}{$\.=$_ for"\141".._

Try it online!

\$\endgroup\$
2
\$\begingroup\$

D no 'u' (64 chars)

import std.stdio;void main(){for(char c=96;c++<'z';){write(c);}}

D only i (92 chars)

mixin("imp\157rt std.stdi\157;v\157id m\141in(){f\157r(ch\141r c;c++<'z';){writ\145(c);}}");

abusing the mixin and octal escape in string literals

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3
  • \$\begingroup\$ What about the complementary program(s) that don't use a,e,i,o? \$\endgroup\$
    – mellamokb
    Commented Apr 25, 2012 at 12:52
  • \$\begingroup\$ @mellamokb check now :) \$\endgroup\$ Commented Apr 25, 2012 at 13:24
  • 5
    \$\begingroup\$ You still need a version with no i. \$\endgroup\$
    – shamp00
    Commented Apr 27, 2012 at 15:45
2
\$\begingroup\$

BASH: 16 + 32 = 48 characters

Here's some inspiration to all you shell-lovers:

Using a, i (no e, o, u): 16 characters

printf %q {a..z}

Using e, o (no a, i, u): 32 characters

$0<<<$'echo {\x61..z}|tr -d " "'

works well, providing you've set your computer up with an automatic

#!bin/bash

I'm sure someone out there knows how to un-vowel this!

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2
\$\begingroup\$

C# – 278/149

Variant 1 – Full standalone programs

A and I are unavoidable here because of class and static.

Without U: 81 chars:

class C{static void Main(){for(int x=65;x<91;++x)System.Console.Write((char)x);}}

Without E: 96 chars:

class C{static void Main(){for(int x=65;x<91;++x)Syst\u0065m.Consol\u0065.Writ\u0065((char)x);}}

Without O: 101 chars:

class C{static int Main(){System.C\u006fns\u006fle.Write("abcdefghijklmn\x6fpqrstuvwxyz");return 0;}}

Total (with A, I missing): 278

Variant 2 – Pure code

Without A, E, I, O: 97 chars

Syst\u0065m.C\u006fns\u006fl\u0065.Wr\u0069t\u0065("\u0061bcd\u0065fgh\x69jklmn\x6fpqrstuvwxyz");

Without U: 52 chars

for(int x=65;x<91;++x)System.Console.Write((char)x);

total: 149

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1
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ class C{static void Main(){for(var x='@';x++<'Z';)System.Console.Write(x);}} shorter one for first program. \$\endgroup\$
    – tia
    Commented Apr 25, 2013 at 12:50
2
\$\begingroup\$

Befunge, 26

>"`">1+:"z"`v
:,  ^      @_

Minimizing whitespace is part of the challenge of Befunge, so I included it in the character count. It might be possible to take out some of that whitespace, but the instructions themselves seem minimal.

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1
  • 1
    \$\begingroup\$ You can save quite a few characters. The first > is unneeded and you can arrange on lines. Also, Befunge 98 has ', the fetch character. I suggest doing this: 1st line: 'backtickv, second line: :,>1+:'zbacktick!j@ for a total count of 16 chars. \$\endgroup\$
    – Justin
    Commented Dec 12, 2013 at 7:05

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