Generate a Padovan Spiral

Question

Introduction

Similar to the Fibonacci Sequence, the Padovan Sequence (OEIS A000931) is a sequence of numbers that is produced by adding previous terms in the sequence. The initial values are defined as:

P(0) = P(1) = P(2) = 1

The 0th, 1st, and 2nd terms are all 1. The recurrence relation is stated below:

P(n) = P(n - 2) + P(n - 3)

Thus, it yields the following sequence:

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21, 28, 37, 49, 65, 86, 114, 151, 200, 265, 351, ...

Using these numbers as side lengths of equilateral triangles yields a nice spiral when you place them all together, much like the Fibonacci Spiral:

^{Image courtesy of Wikipedia}

---

Task

Your task is to write a program that recreates this spiral by graphical output, with input corresponding to which term.

Rules

• Your submission must be able to handle at least up to the 10th term (9)
• Your submission must be a full program or function that takes input and displays a graphical result (either outputs an image or graphs, etc)
• You must show proof of your graphical output in your submission
• Rotations of the output are allowed, in 60 degree multiples, with the same representation
• Going counter-clockwise is also allowed
• Standard loopholes are forbidden

You may assume that input will be >0 and that correct format of input will be given.

Scoring

This is code-golf, so the shortest code in bytes wins. Happy New Years everyone!

Answer 1

Mathematica, 119 108 bytes

Thanks to Martin Ender for saving 11 bytes!

±n_:=If[n<4,1,±(n-2)+±(n-3)];Graphics@Line@ReIm@Accumulate@Flatten@{0,z=I^(2/3),±# z^(#+{2,4,1})&~Array~#}&@

Unnamed function taking a positive integer argument (1-indexed) and returning graphics output. Example output for the input 16:

Developed simulataneously with flawr's Matlab answer but with many similarities in design—even including the definition I^(2/3) for the sixth root of unity! Easier-to-read version:

1  (±n_:=If[n<4,1,±(n-2)+±(n-3)];
2   Graphics@Line@ReIm@
3   Accumulate@Flatten@
4   {0,z=I^(2/3),±# z^(#+{2,4,1})&~Array~#}
5  ])&

Line 1 defines the Padovan sequence ±n = P(n). Line 4 creates a nested array of complex numbers, defining z along the way; the last part ±# z^(#+{2,4,1})&~Array~# generates many triples, each of which corresponds to the vectors we need to draw to complete the corresponding triangle (the ±# controls the length while the z^(#+{2,4,1}) controls the directions). Line 3 gets rid of the list nesting and then calculates running totals of the complex numbers, to convert from vectors to pure coordinates; line 2 then converts complex numbers to ordered pairs of real numbers, and outputs the corresponding polygonal line.

Answer 2

Matlab, 202 190 bytes

N=input('');e=i^(2/3);f=1/e;s=[0,e,1,f,-e,e-2];l=[1,1,1,2];M=N+9;T=[l,2:M-3;2:M+1;3:M+2];for k=5:N;l(k)=l(k-2)+l(k-3);s(k+2)=s(k+1)+e*l(k);e=e*f;end;T=[T;T(1,:)];plot(s(T(:,1:N)));axis equal

Output for N=19 (1-based indexing):

Explanation

The rough idea is basically working with complex numbers. Then the edges of the triangles point always in the direction of a sixth root of unity.

N=input('');                         % Fetch input
e=i^(2/3);                           % 6th root of unity
f=1/e;                               %  "
s=[0,e,1,f,-e,e-2];                  % "s" is a list of vertices in the order as the spiral is defined
l=[1,1,1,2];                         % "l" is a list of edge-lengths of the triangles
for k=5:N;                           % if we need more values in "l"/"s" we calculate those
    l(k)=l(k-2)+l(k-3);
    s(k+2)=s(k+1)+e*l(k);
    e=e*f;
end;
M=N+9;
T=[[1,1,1,2,2:M-3];2:M+1;3:M+2]';    % this matrix describes which vertices from s are needed for each triangle (the cannonical way how meshes of triangles are stored)
trimesh(T(1:N,:),real(s),imag(s));   % plotting the mesh, according to "T"
axis equal

Answer 3

PHP + SVG , 738 Bytes

<?php
$a=[1,1,1];
for($i=0;$i<99;)$a[]=$a[$i]+$a[++$i];
$d=$e=$f=$g=$x=$y=0;
$c=[333,999];
$z="";
foreach($a as$k=>$v){
if($k==$_GET['n'])break;
$h=$v/2*sqrt(3);
if($k%6<1){$r=$x+$v/2;$s=$y+$h;$t=$r-$v;$u=$s;}
if($k%6==1){$r=$x-$v/2;$s=$y+$h;$t=$x-$v;$u=$y;}
if($k%6==2){$r=$x-$v;$s=$y;$t=$r+$v/2;$u=$y-$h;}
if($k%6==3){$r=$x-$v/2;$s=$y-$h;$t=$r+$v;$u=$s;}
if($k%6==4){$r=$x+$v/2;$s=$y-$h;$t=$r+$v/2;$u=$y;}
if($k%6>4){$r=$x+$v;$s=$y;$t=$r-$v/2;$u=$y+$h;}
$d=min([$d,$r,$t]);
$e=max([$e,$r,$t]);
$f=min([$f,$s,$u]);
$g=max([$g,$s,$u]); 
$p="M$x,{$y}L$r,{$s}L$t,{$u}Z";
$z.="<path d=$p fill=#{$c[$k%2]} />";
$x=$r;
$y=$s;
}
?>
<svg viewBox=<?="$d,$f,".($e-$d).",".($g-$f)?> width=100% height=100%>
<?=$z?>
</svg>

Output for 16

<svg viewBox=-53,-12.124355652982,75.5,42.435244785437 width=100% height=100%>
<path d=M0,0L0.5,0.86602540378444L-0.5,0.86602540378444Z fill=#333 /><path d=M0.5,0.86602540378444L0,1.7320508075689L-0.5,0.86602540378444Z fill=#999 /><path d=M0,1.7320508075689L-1,1.7320508075689L-0.5,0.86602540378444Z fill=#333 /><path d=M-1,1.7320508075689L-2,0L0,0Z fill=#999 /><path d=M-2,0L-1,-1.7320508075689L0,0Z fill=#333 /><path d=M-1,-1.7320508075689L2,-1.7320508075689L0.5,0.86602540378444Z fill=#999 /><path d=M2,-1.7320508075689L4,1.7320508075689L0,1.7320508075689Z fill=#333 /><path d=M4,1.7320508075689L1.5,6.0621778264911L-1,1.7320508075689Z fill=#999 /><path d=M1.5,6.0621778264911L-5.5,6.0621778264911L-2,-8.8817841970013E-16Z fill=#333 /><path d=M-5.5,6.0621778264911L-10,-1.7320508075689L-1,-1.7320508075689Z fill=#999 /><path d=M-10,-1.7320508075689L-4,-12.124355652982L2,-1.7320508075689Z fill=#333 /><path d=M-4,-12.124355652982L12,-12.124355652982L4,1.7320508075689Z fill=#999 /><path d=M12,-12.124355652982L22.5,6.0621778264911L1.5,6.0621778264911Z fill=#333 /><path d=M22.5,6.0621778264911L8.5,30.310889132455L-5.5,6.0621778264911Z fill=#999 /><path d=M8.5,30.310889132455L-28.5,30.310889132455L-10,-1.7320508075689Z fill=#333 /><path d=M-28.5,30.310889132455L-53,-12.124355652982L-4,-12.124355652982Z fill=#999 /></svg>

Answer 4

Python 3, 280, 262 bytes

18 bytes saved thanks to ovs

Golfed:

import turtle
P=lambda n:n<4or P(n-3)+P(n-2)
N=int(input())
M=9
t=turtle.Turtle()
Q=range
R=t.right
L=t.left
F=t.forward
S=[P(x)*M for x in Q(N,0,-1)]
A=S[0]
F(A)
R(120)
F(A)
R(120)
F(A)
L(120)
i=1
while i<N:
 A=S[i]
 for j in Q(3):F(A);L(120)
 F(A)
 L(60)
 i+=1

Same thing with some comments:

import turtle

# P(n) returns nth term in the sequence
P=lambda n:n<4or P(n-3)+P(n-2)

# M: scales the triangle side-length
M=9
# N: show triangles from 1 to (and including) N from sequence
N=int(input())
t=turtle.Turtle()
Q=range
R=t.right # R(a) -> turn right "a" degrees
L=t.left  # L(a) -> turn left "a" degrees
F=t.forward # F(l) -> move forward "l" units

# S: M*P(N),M*P(N-1), ... M*P(1)
S=[P(x)*M for x in Q(N,0,-1)]

# draw the largest triangle
A=S[0]
F(A)
R(120)
F(A)
R(120)
F(A)
L(120)
i=1

# draw the next N-1 smaller triangles
while i<N:
 A=S[i]
 for j in Q(3):F(A);L(120)
 F(A)
 L(60)
 i+=1

Screenshot for N=9:

Answer 5

dwitter 151

s=(n)=>{P=(N)=>N<3||P(N-3)+P(N-2)
for(a=i=0,X=Y=500,x.moveTo(X,Y);i<n*4;i++)k=9*P(i/4),x.lineTo(X+=C(a)
*k,Y+=S(a)*k),x.stroke(),a+=i%4>2?1.047:2.094}

can be tested on http://dwitter.net (use fullscreen)

basic idea is logo turtle, golfed. stole the P() func from above!

i imagine more could be golfed by recursion but this is not bad.

Answer 6

LOGO, 119 bytes

to s:n
make"x 10
make"y:x
make"z:y
bk:z
repeat:n[lt 60
fw:z
rt 120
fw:z
bk:z
make"w:y+:z
make"z:y
make"y:x
make"x:w]end

To use, do something like this:

reset
lt 150
s 12

Sample output (can't embed because it's not HTTPS and it failed to upload to imgur)