Ruby - 270 (ungolfed)

def line(filler)
  printf '%81s','/'+filler
  puts filler+'\\'
end

[0..3, 3..7, 6..11, 9..15, 12..19, 15..23, 18..27, 21..31, 24..35, 27..39 ].each do |interval|
  interval.each do |i|
    line '*'*i
  end
end
printf ("%86s\n"%'|--------|')*11
puts '%86s'%'|________|'