Java 8, 84 bytes

(a,b,c,d)->(a=Math.sqrt(2*(a+Math.sqrt(a*a+b*b+c*c+d*d))))/2+" "+b/a+" "+c/a+" "+d/a

Port of @xnor's Python 2 answer.

Try it online.

Explanation:

(a,b,c,d)->           // Method with four double parameters and String return-type
  (a=                 //  Change `a` to:
     Math.sqrt(       //   The square root of:
       2*             //    Two times:
         (a+          //     `a` plus,
          Math.sqrt(  //     the square-root of:
            a*a       //      `a`  squared,
            +b*b      //      `b` squared,
            +c*c      //      `c` squared,
            +d*d))))  //      And `d` squared summed together
  /2                  //  Then return this modified `a` divided by 2
  +" "+b/a            //  `b` divided by the modified `a`
  +" "+c/a            //  `c` divided by the modified `a`
  +" "+d/a            //  And `d` divided by the modified `a`, with space delimiters