#PHP, 116 Bytes

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c-=$x;)array_unshift($r,(1+($x=$a[--$c]==$a[$c-1]))*$a[$c]);echo json_encode($r);

or

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c--;)$r[]=$a[$c]==$a[$c-1]?2*$a[$c--]:$a[$c];echo json_encode(array_reverse($r));

-4 Bytes if the output can be an array print_r instead of 'json_encode`

176 Bytes to solve this with a Regex

echo preg_replace_callback("#(\d+)(,\\1)+#",function($m){if(($c=substr_count($m[0],$m[1]))%2)$r=$m[1];$r.=str_repeat(",".$m[1]*2,$c/2);return trim($r,",");},join(",",$_GET[a]));

PHP, 116 Bytes

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c-=$x;)array_unshift($r,(1+($x=$a[--$c]==$a[$c-1]))*$a[$c]);echo json_encode($r);

or

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c--;)$r[]=$a[$c]==$a[$c-1]?2*$a[$c--]:$a[$c];echo json_encode(array_reverse($r));

-4 Bytes if the output can be an array print_r instead of 'json_encode`

176 Bytes to solve this with a Regex

echo preg_replace_callback("#(\d+)(,\\1)+#",function($m){if(($c=substr_count($m[0],$m[1]))%2)$r=$m[1];$r.=str_repeat(",".$m[1]*2,$c/2);return trim($r,",");},join(",",$_GET[a]));

#PHP, 116 Bytes

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c-=$x;)array_unshift($r,(1+($x=$a[--$c]==$a[$c-1]))*$a[$c]);echo json_encode($r);

or

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c--;)$r[]=$a[$c]==$a[$c-1]?2*$a[$c--]:$a[$c];echo json_encode(array_reverse($r));

-4 Bytes if the output can be an array print_r instead of 'json_encode`

#PHP, 116 Bytes

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c-=$x;)array_unshift($r,(1+($x=$a[--$c]==$a[$c-1]))*$a[$c]);echo json_encode($r);

or

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c--;)$r[]=$a[$c]==$a[$c-1]?2*$a[$c--]:$a[$c];echo json_encode(array_reverse($r));

-4 Bytes if the output can be an array print_r instead of 'json_encode`

176 Bytes to solve this with a Regex

echo preg_replace_callback("#(\d+)(,\\1)+#",function($m){if(($c=substr_count($m[0],$m[1]))%2)$r=$m[1];$r.=str_repeat(",".$m[1]*2,$c/2);return trim($r,",");},join(",",$_GET[a]));

#PHP, 117 Bytes

<?$r=[];$c=count($a=$_GET[a]);while($c-=$x)array_unshift($r,(1+($x=$a[--$c]==$a[$c-1]))*$a[$c]);echo json_encode($r);

#PHP, 116 Bytes

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c-=$x;)array_unshift($r,(1+($x=$a[--$c]==$a[$c-1]))*$a[$c]);echo json_encode($r);

or

<?$r=[];for($c=count($a=$_GET[a]);$c--;)$r[]=$a[$c]==$a[$c-1]?2*$a[$c--]:$a[$c];echo json_encode(array_reverse($r));

-4 Bytes if the output can be an array print_r instead of 'json_encode`