Java - 303 bytes

Golfed Version

static Long t=new Scanner(System.in).nextLong();static char[]c=t.toString().toCharArray();public static void main(String[]args){while(c.length>1)s();System.out.print(t);}static void s(){String s="";for(int i=0;i<c.length-1;)s+=Math.abs(c[i]-c[++i]);Long a=new Long(s);t+=a;c=a.toString().toCharArray();}

Ungolfed / Full version

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DigitDifference {

    static Long t = new Scanner(System.in).nextLong();
    static char[] c = t.toString().toCharArray();
    
    public static void main(String[]args){
        while( c.length > 1 ){
            s();
        }
        System.out.print(t);
    }

    static void s(){
        String s="";
        for(int i = 0; i < c.length-1;)
            s += Math.abs(c[i]-c[++i]);
        Long a = new Long(s);
        t += a;
        c = a.toString().toCharArray();
    }
}