Brainfuck - 719 bytes

For historical context only, credits to Daniel B Cristofani. I'm not exactly sure when this was created, but it is available from the Internet Archive as early as May 9th, 2003.

The output for 9 is different than in the problem description.

>>>>+>+++>+++>>>>>+++[
  >,+>++++[>++++<-]>[<<[-[->]]>[<]>-]<<[
    >+>+>>+>+[<<<<]<+>>[+<]<[>]>+[[>>>]>>+[<<<<]>-]+<+>>>-[
      <<+[>]>>+<<<+<+<--------[
        <<-<<+[>]>+<<-<<-[
          <<<+<-[>>]<-<-<<<-<----[
            <<<->>>>+<-[
              <<<+[>]>+<<+<-<-[
                <<+<-<+[>>]<+<<<<+<-[
                  <<-[>]>>-<<<-<-<-[
                    <<<+<-[>>]<+<<<+<+<-[
                      <<<<+[>]<-<<-[
                        <<+[>]>>-<<<<-<-[
                          >>>>>+<-<<<+<-[
                            >>+<<-[
                              <<-<-[>]>+<<-<-<-[
                                <<+<+[>]<+<+<-[
                                  >>-<-<-[
                                    <<-[>]<+<++++[<-------->-]++<[
                                      <<+[>]>>-<-<<<<-[
                                        <<-<<->>>>-[
                                          <<<<+[>]>+<<<<-[
                                            <<+<<-[>>]<+<<<<<-[
                                              >>>>-<<<-<-
  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>[>[[[<<<<]>+>>[>>>>>]<-]<]>>>+>>>>>>>+>]<
]<[-]<<<<<<<++<+++<+++[
  [>]>>>>>>++++++++[<<++++>++++++>-]<-<<[-[<+>>.<-]]<<<<[
    -[-[>+<-]>]>>>>>[.[>]]<<[<+>-]>>>[<<++[<+>--]>>-]
    <<[->+<[<++>-]]<<<[<+>-]<<<<
  ]>>+>>>--[<+>---]<.>>[[-]<<]<
]
[Enter a number using ()-./0123456789abcdef and space, and hit return.
Daniel B Cristofani (cristofdathevanetdotcom)
http://www.hevanet.com/cristofd/brainfuck/]