#JavaScript (ES6),  55 53  48 bytes

^{Thanks to @KevinCruijssen for noticing that I was not fully assuming \$a\le b\$ (saving 5 bytes)}

Takes input as (a)(b) with \$a\le b\$. Returns \$0\$ (valid), \$1\$ (ended) or \$2\$ (invalid).

a=>b=>a<0|a>29|b>30|b>21&b-a>2?2:b>20&b-a>1|b>29

Try it online!

JavaScript (ES6),  55 53  48 bytes

^{Thanks to @KevinCruijssen for noticing that I was not fully assuming \$a\le b\$ (saving 5 bytes)}

Takes input as (a)(b) with \$a\le b\$. Returns \$0\$ (valid), \$1\$ (ended) or \$2\$ (invalid).

a=>b=>a<0|a>29|b>30|b>21&b-a>2?2:b>20&b-a>1|b>29

Try it online!

#JavaScript (ES6),  55  53 bytes

Takes input as (a)(b) with \$a\le b\$. Returns \$0\$ (valid), \$1\$ (ended) or \$2\$ (invalid).

a=>b=>a<0|a>29|b>30|b>21&(a-=b)*a>4?2:b>20&a*a>1|b>29

Try it online!

#JavaScript (ES6),  55 53  48 bytes

^{Thanks to @KevinCruijssen for noticing that I was not fully assuming \$a\le b\$ (saving 5 bytes)}

Takes input as (a)(b) with \$a\le b\$. Returns \$0\$ (valid), \$1\$ (ended) or \$2\$ (invalid).

a=>b=>a<0|a>29|b>30|b>21&b-a>2?2:b>20&b-a>1|b>29

Try it online!

#JavaScript (ES6), 55 bytes

Takes input as (a)(b) with \$a\le b\$. Returns \$0\$ (valid), \$1\$ (ended) or \$3\$ (invalid).

a=>b=>3*(a<0|a>29|b>30|b>21&(a-=b)*a>4)|b>20&a*a>1|b>29

Try it online!

#JavaScript (ES6),  55  53 bytes

Takes input as (a)(b) with \$a\le b\$. Returns \$0\$ (valid), \$1\$ (ended) or \$2\$ (invalid).

a=>b=>a<0|a>29|b>30|b>21&(a-=b)*a>4?2:b>20&a*a>1|b>29

Try it online!