Excel VBA, 9895 bytes

An anonymous VBE immediate window funtion that takes input from [A1] and outputs to the console

n=[len(A1)]:For y=1To n:For l=1To y:?:For x=1To n:?String(x,Mid([A1],IIf(x>y,x,y)));:Next:?:Next x,l,y

###Ungolfed and commented

n=[len(A1)]                         ''  Get Length
For y=1To n                         ''  Iterate down input
For l=1To y                         ''  Iterate down repeat lines
?                                   ''  Print Newline
For x=1To n                         ''  Iterate accross input
?String(x,Mid([A1],IIf(x>y,x,y)));  ''  Print x of the `max(x,y)`th digit in input
Next                                ''  Loop
?                                   ''  Print Newline
Next x,r,y                            ''  Loop, Loop, Loop