Python3: 150 bytes

f=lambda l: ''.join('+-'[a<0]+str(a)[a<0:5*((abs(a)!=1)|(1>i))]+'x^'[:i]+str(i)[:i-1] for i,a in zip(range(len(l)-1,-1,-1),l) if a).lstrip('+') or '0'

You can try it online

Python3: 150 146 bytes

f=lambda l:''.join('+-'[a<0]+str(a)[a<0:5*((abs(a)!=1)|(1>i))]+'x^'[:i]+str(i)[:i-1]for i,a in zip(range(len(l)-1,-1,-1),l)if a).lstrip('+')or '0'

(previous implementations):

f=lambda l: ''.join('+-'[a<0]+str(a)[a<0:5*((abs(a)!=1)|(1>i))]+'x^'[:i]+str(i)[:i-1] for i,a in zip(range(len(l)-1,-1,-1),l) if a).lstrip('+') or '0'

You can try it online

Kudos to: @Benjamin