#Taxi, 1582 bytes

Go to Post Office:w 1 l 1 r 1 l.Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.Pickup a passenger going to Tom's Trims.Pickup a passenger going to Tom's Trims.Go to Tom's Trims:n.[a]Go to Post Office:s.Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.Go to The Babelfishery:s 1 l 1 r.Pickup a passenger going to What's The Difference.Pickup a passenger going to What's The Difference.Go to What's The Difference:n 5 l.Pickup a passenger going to Cyclone.Go to Cyclone:e 1 r.Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.Go to Multiplication Station:s 1 l 2 r 4 l.Pickup a passenger going to Addition Alley.Go to Tom's Trims:s 1 r 3 r.Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.Switch to plan "b" if no one is waiting.Switch to plan "a".[b]Go to Addition Alley:n 1 r 1 l 3 l 1 l.Pickup a passenger going to Magic Eight.Go to Post Office:n 1 r 1 r 3 r 1 l.Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.Go to The Babelfishery:s 1 l 1 r.Pickup a passenger going to Addition Alley.Pickup a passenger going to Addition Alley.Go to Addition Alley:n 5 l 1 l.Pickup a passenger going to Cyclone.Go to Cyclone:n 1 l 1 l.Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.Go to Multiplication Station:s 1 l 2 r 4 l.Pickup a passenger going to Magic Eight.Go to Magic Eight:s 1 r.Switch to plan "c" if no one is waiting.'1' is waiting at Writer's Depot.[c]'0' is waiting at Writer's Depot.Go to Writer's Depot:w 1 l 2 l.Pickup a passenger going to Post Office.Go to Post Office:n 1 r 2 r 1 l.

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Outputs 1 for overlapping circles.
Outputs 0 for non-overlapping circles (including tangential circles).

Ungolfed / formatted:

Go to Post Office: west 1st left 1st right 1st left.
Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.
Pickup a passenger going to Tom's Trims.
Pickup a passenger going to Tom's Trims.
Go to Tom's Trims: north.
[a]
Go to Post Office: south.
Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.
Go to The Babelfishery: south 1st left 1st right.
Pickup a passenger going to What's The Difference.
Pickup a passenger going to What's The Difference.
Go to What's The Difference: north 5th left.
Pickup a passenger going to Cyclone.
Go to Cyclone: east 1st right.
Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.
Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.
Go to Multiplication Station: south 1st left 2nd right 4th left.
Pickup a passenger going to Addition Alley.
Go to Tom's Trims: south 1st right 3rd right.
Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.
Switch to plan "b" if no one is waiting.
Switch to plan "a".
[b]
Go to Addition Alley: north 1st right 1st left 3rd left 1st left.
Pickup a passenger going to Magic Eight.
Go to Post Office: north 1st right 1st right 3rd right 1st left.
Pickup a passenger going to The Babelfishery.
Go to The Babelfishery: south 1st left 1st right.
Pickup a passenger going to Addition Alley.
Pickup a passenger going to Addition Alley.
Go to Addition Alley: north 5th left 1st left.
Pickup a passenger going to Cyclone.
Go to Cyclone: north 1st left 1st left.
Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.
Pickup a passenger going to Multiplication Station.
Go to Multiplication Station: south 1st left 2nd right 4th left.
Pickup a passenger going to Magic Eight.
Go to Magic Eight: south 1st right.
Switch to plan "c" if no one is waiting.
'1' is waiting at Writer's Depot.
[c]
'0' is waiting at Writer's Depot.
Go to Writer's Depot: west 1st left 2nd left.
Pickup a passenger going to Post Office.
Go to Post Office: north 1st right 2nd right 1st left.