# [Haskell], (<s>10119 7767</s> 7626 bytes), score <s>15</s> 14 <!-- language-all: lang-hs --> (<<>>)(<>)(<><>)()=(<>):(<><>) (<>)=pred (<><>)='y' 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[Try it online!](https://tio.run/nexus/haskell#@69hY2Nnp6lhA8YgUtMWxLGC8LhAbNuCotQULoiArXqlOlearYYGWMeQJcB@IQ6AwkcDvyG4leCxlmhNuFxNL1vJDU5irELSSBuXkRT59HPCKDGgeZp0MJo0RonBkxpHEyl1gntgAwyvm@nXPMBvAFhstPQbLY9GSx56B/sga6uT2pdAKKVh6sAevnROjrgjedBXMKPF@3AuokcjdjRRjCaQQVtv035gbqC6IjRvhxBj4mjiHnaF12iUUhCqVAo8TOtHSNmFxaLR9DhaPOFJedGxmhqa9EP/cxMz8xRsFQpKS4JLihRUFNI0NP8DAA "Haskell – TIO Nexus") [Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org/ The last line defines an anonymous function. Bind it to e.g. `f` and call with `f()`. The non-bracket bytes are <pre> =: =pred ='y' </pre> ###How does it work? A string `"wxy"` in Haskell is syntactic sugar for a list of characters `['w','x','y']`, which again is syntactic sugar for the subsequent construction with the cons operator `:` and the empty list: `'w':'x':'y':[]`. By defining `(<<>>)=(:)` we yield the same string by writing `'w'<<>>('x'<<>>('y'<<>>[]))`. Because chars are ordered, we can compute the predecessor of each char with a function called `pred`. Using only the char `'y'` and `pred`, the string becomes `pred(pred 'y')<<>>(pred 'y'<<>>('y'<<>>[]))`. By defining `(<>)=pred` and `(<><>)='y'` we can represent the string using balanced brackets only: `(<>)((<>)(<><>))<<>>((<>)(<><>)<<>>((<><>)<<>>[]))` However, in the end we don't want a string but a function returning a string, so we define our cons operator as `(<<>>) x xs ()=x:xs` instead. (Of course with `x` and `xs` replaced by identifiers using balanced brackets only: `(<<>>)(<>)(<><>)()=(<>):(<><>)`). This way, `((<>)((<>)(<><>))<<>>((<>)(<><>)<<>>((<><>)<<>>[])())())` is a function of type `() -> String` and appending a final `()` yields the original string: `((<>)((<>)(<><>))<<>>((<>)(<><>)<<>>((<><>)<<>>[])())())()` ______ The following function `encode` encodes a string with chars smaller or equal to `'y'` in this way: (Why `y`? Because it's the largest char in `"Surprise!\nHappy Birthday, Brain-Flak!"` and thus yields the shortest representation. Thanks to Ørjan Johansen for pointing this out.) c x = let l = fromEnum 'y' - fromEnum x in "(" ++ ([1..l]>>"((<>)") ++ "(<><>)" ++ ([1..l]>>")") ++ "<<>>" encode s = concatMap c s ++ "[]" ++ ([1..length s-1]>>")()") ++ ")" [Try it online!](https://tio.run/nexus/haskell#VU49D4IwEN39FY/GoQQhqTMwkGhcnBiRoSlViKU0pSTy67EYSXS6e/e@bhF4IYOSDspPdmSIcbdDf9JT7yl0GoQSRBFoxZJE1XlOKE3zkITrkfh1Bf@CjUxTD7CTWgyNxOgLxKAFd1duIDxeNVX9Y5b64VqMMfuk0C0nJEvP/ScZzORKZ7HHN5OUkzW2G2Vw0xduzIyis65t@HxAYb0nPiv@DMjyBg "Haskell – TIO Nexus")