Questions tagged [math]
The challenge involves mathematics. Also consider using more specific tags: [number] [number-theory] [arithmetic] [combinatorics] [graph-theory] [geometry] [abstract-algebra] [integer] [primes].
1,580
questions
2
votes
3answers
332 views
Multiplication for geometric algebra
The basis vectors for geometric algebra are
$$(e_0=1), e_1, e_2,\dots,e_n$$
They all square to 1 (we do not consider vectors which square to -1 or zero)
$$e_i \cdot e_i = 1$$
They are associative and ...
1
vote
0answers
139 views
Pythagoras' Golfing Grid [closed]
Recently, I created a binary word search that got me working with grids. It was fun, so I wanted to create some more similar content. Meet Pythagoras' Golfing grid:
Each of ...
4
votes
13answers
630 views
Written Word Equation
Word equations, but not as you know it! Given a sentence which will include two numbers, numerically, and a spelt operator, in the order seen in the examples, your goal is to give the numerical answer
...
3
votes
6answers
294 views
Yet another coin flipping problem
Problem
Starting with a set of 10 coins at the start where all coins are tails up, and given n number of integers \$x_1, x_2, x_3... x_n\$ representing n rounds of coin flipping.
At each round, we ...
17
votes
10answers
1k views
Minimally prepend numbers to get a symmetric Young diagram
Background
A Young diagram is a diagram that represents a nonincreasing sequence of positive integers using left-justified rows of squares. As an example, 5, 4, 1 ...
10
votes
16answers
530 views
Generate all \$3\times 3\$ magic squares
Though challenges involving magic squares abound on this site, none I can find so far ask the golfer to print / output all normal magic squares of a certain size. To be clear, a normal magic square of ...
10
votes
8answers
904 views
Boustrophedon transform
Related: Boustrophedonise, Output the Euler Numbers (Maybe a new golfing opportunity?)
Background
Boustrophedon transform (OEIS Wiki) is a kind of transformation on integer sequences. Given a sequence ...
11
votes
2answers
470 views
Is this an interval graph?
Background
An interval graph (Wikipedia, MathWorld, GraphClasses) is an undirected graph derived from a set of intervals on a line. Each vertex represents an interval, and an edge is present between ...
14
votes
3answers
217 views
Bijection between \$ \mathbb N \$ and at-most-\$n\$-ary trees
Background
Related: a golflang theory I posted in TNB a while ago
At-most-\$n\$-ary trees are rooted trees where each internal node has between 1 and \$n\$ children (inclusive). Two trees are ...
11
votes
4answers
532 views
Maximal hexagonal dot pattern
Challenge
Imagine a hexagonal grid as shown below. Let's call such a grid has size \$n\$ if it has \$n\$ dots on one side. The following is one of size 3:
...
8
votes
1answer
242 views
Flatten a parabola keeping the distances between points along the curve constant
Background
Math SE's HNQ How to straighten a parabola? has 4,000+ views, ~60 up votes, 16 bookmarks and six answers so far and has a related companion HNQ in Mathematica SE How to straighten a curve? ...
5
votes
5answers
205 views
Potential nonzero entries in an irregular sequence
Background
A338268 is a sequence related to a challenge by Peter Kagey. It defines a two-parameter function \$T(n,k)\$, which counts the number of integer sequences \$b_1, \cdots, b_t\$ where \$b_1 + \...
15
votes
19answers
1k views
Compare positions of integers in this sequence
A001057 is one way to represent an integer as a natural number. It lists them according to the following pattern:
0, 1, -1, 2, -2, 3, -3, 4, -4, ...
In this ...
9
votes
20answers
1k views
Third Stirling numbers of the second kind
\$\left\{ n \atop k \right\}\$ or \$S(n, k)\$ is a way of referring to the Stirling numbers of the second kind, the number of ways to partition a set of \$n\$ items into \$k\$ non-empty subsets. For ...
7
votes
4answers
306 views
Hexagonal section numbers
Introduction
Let's draw some regular hexagons formed by hexagonal tiles, marking the vertices of the tiles with dots. Then we will count the number of dots.
...
19
votes
7answers
2k views
Is this a Jordan matrix?
Background
A Jordan matrix is a block-diagonal matrix where each block on the diagonal has the structure of
$$
\begin{bmatrix}
\lambda & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\
0 &...
5
votes
3answers
147 views
Is this an ordinal transform? [duplicate]
Related: What's my telephone number? which asks to calculate the terms of A000085, the number of possible ordinal transforms of length n.
Background
Ordinal transform is a transformation on an integer ...
19
votes
18answers
2k views
Implement the Torian
The Torian, \$x!x\$, of a non-negative integer \$x\$ can be recursively defined as
$$
x!0 = x \\
x!n = \prod^x_{i=1} i!(n-1) = 1!(n-1) \times 2!(n-1) \times \cdots \times x!(n-1)
$$
The Torian is then ...
9
votes
2answers
311 views
Greatest Common Gaussian Divisor
Gaussian integers are complex numbers \$x+yi\$ such that \$x\$ and \$y\$ are both integers, and \$i^2 = -1\$. The norm of a Gaussian integer \$N(x+yi)\$ is defined as \$x^2 + y^2 = |x+yi|^2\$. It is ...
12
votes
2answers
270 views
Number of distinct shadow transforms
Background
Shadow transform of a 0-based integer sequence \$a(n)\$ is another 0-based integer sequence \$s(n)\$ defined with the following equation:
$$
s(n) = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1}{(1 \text{ if } n \text{ ...
1
vote
4answers
191 views
Chasing the car [closed]
Imagine you are sitting at a park. Suddenly your car gets hijacked and being driven in different directions. Here are the directions, arrows show which direction goes towards where:
...
13
votes
7answers
353 views
To raise \$ e \$ to the power of a matrix
Inspired by this 3Blue1Brown video
Given a square matrix \$ M \$, compute its matrix exponential \$ \exp(M) \$, which is defined, using an extension of the Maclaurin series for \$ e^x \$, as
$$ \exp(M)...
4
votes
10answers
993 views
Odds that a string of N digits contains two or more of the same
I have to fill in 2fa codes all day. They're 6-digit strings. One day I noticed that not once did any of these codes contain 6 unique digits, like 198532 There was always at least one double, like ...
7
votes
10answers
3k views
The worst ever phone number entry screen
The name of the challenge was prompted by this GIF and the GIF also gave me the idea.
Your challenge today is to take a input guaranteed to be \$2<=n<=100\$ and output a sequence of ...
22
votes
14answers
2k views
Find the Erdős–Woods origin
Consider, for a given positive integer \$k\$, the sequence \$(a, a+1, a+2, ..., a+k)\$, where \$a\$ is some positive integer. Is there ever a pair \$a, k\$ such that for each element \$a+i\$ in the ...
-5
votes
7answers
200 views
Take the numbers 1 to 100, square them, and add all the even numbers while subtracting the odd ones [closed]
Description
The task is simple enough:
Take the numbers 1 to 100, square them, and add all the even numbers while subtracting the odd ones.
It is taken from this blog post:
R Coding Challenge: 7 (+1) ...
17
votes
16answers
1k views
Reconstruct a recursively prime-encoded integer
Recursively prime-encoded integers
Consider \$11681169775023850 = 2 \times 5 \times 5 \times 42239 \times 5530987843\$. This isn't a nice prime factorisation, as \$42239\$ and \$5530987843\$ make it ...
8
votes
13answers
1k views
ASCII-Plot the equation
You are given a polynomial function, in the following format:
\$x = (c_0 * y^0) + (c_1 * y^1) + (c_2 * y^2) + ... + (c_n * y^n)\$
where \$c_n\$ stands for the coefficient of the \$n^{th}\$ power of \$...
9
votes
3answers
183 views
Minkowski sum of two convex polygons
Background
Minkowski addition is a binary operation on two sets of points (usually geometric objects) in the Euclidean space. The Minkowski sum of two sets \$A\$ and \$B\$ is formally defined as ...
17
votes
20answers
882 views
Binomial transform
Background
Binomial transform is a transform on a finite or infinite integer sequence, which yields another integer sequence. The binomial transform of a sequence \$\{a_n\}\$ is given by
$$s_n = \sum_{...
19
votes
1answer
508 views
Demonstrate some advanced abstract algebra
Consider a binary operator \$*\$ that operates on a set \$S\$. For simplicity's sake, we'll assume that \$*\$ is closed, meaning that its inputs and outputs are always members of \$S\$. This means ...
25
votes
9answers
2k views
Is it a valid Parker Square
5 Years ago, this happened, and then it became sort of a meme.
Challenge
The Challenge today is, to check if a "magic square" is a valid parker square.
What is a Real Magic square?
All the ...
10
votes
7answers
390 views
Combinatorial Pipes
You're a plumber working on a house, and there's some pipes that must be connected at weird angles. You have 8°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, and 90° fittings at your disposal, and you want to use as few as ...
9
votes
5answers
404 views
Rewrite strings without changing their order
Lexicographic Ordering
For this challenge we will be talking about the lexicographic ordering of strings. If you know how to put words in alphabetical order you already understand the basic idea of ...
6
votes
0answers
263 views
Yet another digit insertion problem
Given a positive number \$n\$ we call another (not same as n) positive number \$m\$ good if we insert same digits in both n and m and the resulting fractional value is same.
$$m/n = m_{\text{...
24
votes
65answers
6k views
iHateOddNumbers
Task
Given a non-negative number, check if it's odd or even. In case it's even, output that number. Otherwise, throw any exception/error that your language supports, and stop the program.
Example with ...
7
votes
8answers
510 views
Sums of square roots
Program the sequence \$R_k\$: all numbers that are sum of square roots of some(maybe one) natural numbers \$\left\{\sum_{i\in A}\sqrt i\middle|A\subset \mathbb{N}\right\}\$, in ascending order without ...
1
vote
0answers
114 views
Conic Sections (simplified)
Given the equation of a non-parabolic conic section, output its characteristics.
Spec
Some info on conic sections:
for more info visit Wikipedia
From an equation of the form \$ax^2+bx+cy^2+dy+E=0\$, ...
11
votes
7answers
739 views
Prime Factorization - but on the exponents too
Though there is a prime factorization challenge and it's here, this, I feel, will be a bit more interesting than that one.
To understand this, let's have an example; I will use 5,184 for this. \$5184 =...
0
votes
4answers
111 views
Prime Factorization [duplicate]
Although there was a prime factors challenge posted ten years ago, it has tedious I/O and restricted time. In this challenge, your task is to write a program or function which takes an integer \$n \ge ...
8
votes
23answers
2k views
Triangle-style sequences
Consider the triangular numbers and their forward differences:
$$
T = 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, ... \\
\Delta T = 2,3,4,5,6, ...
$$
If we alter \$\Delta T\$ so that it begins with a different integer, we ...
23
votes
25answers
1k views
Multiply elements of the dihedral group
This is a copy cat question of Simplify ijk string applied to the other nonabelian group of order 8. See also Dihedral group composition with custom labels.
Challenge
Given a string made of ...
43
votes
24answers
2k views
Simplify ijk-string
Related: Multiply Quaternions
Challenge
Given a string made of ijk, interpret it as the product of imaginary units of quaternion and simplify it into one of the ...
7
votes
14answers
582 views
Calculate \$ \lfloor n \log_2(n) \rfloor \$, exactly
Given an integer \$ n \ge 2 \$, you need to calculate \$ \lfloor n \log_2(n) \rfloor \$, assuming all integers in your language are unbounded.
However, you may not ignore floating-point errors - for ...
6
votes
1answer
405 views
Compute the size of intersections of sets
Input
A positive integer N representing the size of the problem and four positive integers v, x, y, z.
Output
This is what your code should compute. Consider a set of N distinct integers and consider ...
21
votes
18answers
4k views
Convince me Gabriel's Horn is possible
From Wikipedia, Gabriel's Horn is a particular geometric figure that has infinite surface area but finite volume. I discovered this definition in this Vsauce's video (starting at 0:22) where I took ...
18
votes
20answers
1k views
Exact generalised harmonic numbers
The generalised harmonic number of order \$m\$ of \$n\$ is
$$H_{n,m} = \sum_{k=1}^n \frac 1 {k^m}$$
For example, the harmonic numbers are \$H_{n,1}\$, and \$H_{\infty,2} = \frac {\pi^2} 6\$. These are ...
22
votes
37answers
2k views
Sum of first n terms of this series
Given a digit x (between 0 to 9, inclusive) and a number n, calculate the sum of the first n ...
25
votes
10answers
2k views
Floor of complex number
Background
Complex floor is a domain extension of the mathematical floor function for complex numbers. This is used in some APL languages to implement floor ⌊, ...
12
votes
10answers
849 views
Optimal addition subtraction chain
An addition-subtraction chain, is a sequence \$a_1, a_2, a_3, ... ,a_n\$, such that \$a_1=1\$ and for all \$i > 1\$, there exist \$j,k<i\$ such that \$a_i = a_j \pm a_k\$.
Your task, is given a ...