# Print the digital root

This is different from My Word can beat up your Word as it is less complex and only requires you to calculate it, and not compare them.

To find the digital root, take all of the digits of a number, add them, and repeat until you get a one-digit number. For example, if the number was 12345, you would add 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, getting 15. You would then add 1 and 5, giving you 6.

Given an integer N (0 <= N <= 10000) through STDIN, print the digital root of N.

### Test cases

1 -> 1
45 -> 9
341 -> 8
6801 -> 6
59613 -> 6
495106 -> 7


Remember, this is , so the code with the smallest number of bytes wins.

• Maybe a subtask of this challenge.
– nimi
Oct 27 '16 at 14:17
• Very closely related to this challenge ... maybe close enough for a dupe. Oct 27 '16 at 14:22
• Please be more precise when saying number. In particular. must input 0 be supported? Oct 27 '16 at 14:28
• @TimmyD I think that this one is the much cleaner challenge without adding letter to integer conversion, computing the function for two values and including the literal STALEMATE. It might be better to close the other one as a dupe of this. Oct 27 '16 at 14:42
• @MartinEnder I retracted my close vote, I think it's unfair to close a good challenge as a dupe of another more complex challenge. Oct 27 '16 at 14:48

## Pyke, 1 byte

s


Try it here!

Takes the digital root of the input

# Jelly, 7 5 4 3 bytes

ḃ9Ṫ


### How?

The digital root is known to obey the formula (n-1)%9+1.
This is the same as the last digit in bijective base 9
(and due to implementation that 0ḃ9=[] and []Ṫ=0 this handles the edge-case of zero).

ḃ9Ṫ - Main link: n
ḃ9  - convert to bijective base 9 digits (a list)
Ṫ - tail (get the last digit)


# JavaScript (ES6), 16 10 bytes

n=>--n%9+1


Test cases

let f =

n=>--n%9+1

console.log(f(1)); // -> 1
console.log(f(45)); // -> 9
console.log(f(341)); // -> 8
console.log(f(6801)); // -> 6
console.log(f(59613)); // -> 6
console.log(f(495106)); // -> 7

# Python, 16 20 bytes

+4 bytes to handle edge case of zero.

lambda n:n and~-n%9+1


repl.it

• Wow. This is so easy it can be ported to any language. You can even ~-input()%9+1 Oct 27 '16 at 14:30
• Doesn't work for 0 unfortunately. Oct 27 '16 at 14:37
• @KarlNapf Wouldn't that need a print? Oct 27 '16 at 14:37
• @JonathanAllan Ah, possibly. I just tested it in the REPL environment and that did it. Oct 27 '16 at 14:41
• @ the anonymous user who attempted an edit - it would have actually broken the code (made an input of 0 result in 9 rather than 0, which is what is catered for by the n and part of the code) furthermore it would have counted as 19 bytes not 13 (since the print and the space must be counted). Oct 5 '18 at 18:21

# MATL, 3 bytes

9X\


Try it online!

A lot of (now deleted answers) tried using modulo 9 to get the result. This is a great shortcut, but unfortunately does not work for multiples of 9. MATL has a function for modulo on the interval [1, n]. Using this modulo, we have 1 % 3 == 1, 2 % 3 == 2, 3 % 3 == 3, 4 % 3 == 1, etc. This answer simply takes the input modulo nine using this custom modulo.

## Mathematica, 27 11 bytes

Mod[#,9,1]&


Mathematica's Mod takes a third parameter as an offset of the resulting range of the modulo. This avoids decrementing the input and incrementing the output.

## Julia, 12 bytes

!n=mod1(n,9)


or

n->mod1(n,9)


mod1 is an alternative to mod which maps to the range [1, n] instead of [0, n).

# PHP, 15 Bytes

<?=--$argn%9+1;  Previous version PHP, 55 Bytes $n=$argn;while($n>9)$n=array_sum(Str_split($n));echo$n;  • Exactly how I did it! Oct 27 '16 at 14:19 • @CT14.IT I can delete this post if you wish. Your deleted post ws 1 minute earlier and you have only forgot the while loop Oct 27 '16 at 14:27 • Nah the deleted answer was wrong because I didn't read the question properly to start with, I didnt attempt to sum the generated number Oct 27 '16 at 14:35 • You can add the trick of other answers <?=--$argv[1]%9+1?> Oct 28 '16 at 6:37

# R, 72 67 29 bytes

Edit: Thanks to @rturnbull for shaving off two bytes.

n=scan();if(n%%9|!n,n%%9,9)

• I recently learned that ifelse can be replaced by if, with identical behavior, which saves you a couple of bytes. Oct 28 '16 at 9:37
• @rturnbull I was always wondering how  if  worked. Could you give an example or maybe add it to Tips for golfing in ? Oct 28 '16 at 9:41
• The simplest way to understand it is that it's a non-vectorized ifelse. In this case, if(n%%9|!n,n%%9,9) provides identical behavior to the code you've posted. As far as I can tell, this behavior is undocumented! I'll add a comment to the tips thread. Oct 28 '16 at 9:49

# Retina, 7 bytes

{.
*
.


Try it online!

I see lots of mathematical solutions, but in Retina the straightforward approach seems to be the best one.

### Explanation

{ makes the whole program run in a loop until the string doesn't change anymore. The loop consists of two stages:

.
*


Convert each digit to unary.

.


Count the number of characters (=convert the unary number to decimal).

This works because converting each digit to unary with no separator between digits creates a single unary number which is equal to the sum of all digits.

until(<10)$sum.map(read.pure).show  Try it on Ideone. Explanation: until(<10)$sum.map(read.pure).show
show  -- convert int to string
map(         ).      -- turn each char (digit) into
pure        --    a string
read.            --    and then a number
sum.                     -- sum up the list of numbers
until(<10)$-- repeat until the result is < 10  # Perl, 15 bytes Includes +2 for -lp Give input on STDIN root.pl <<< 123  root.pl #!/usr/bin/perl -lp$_&&=~-$_%9+1  This is the boring solution that has already been given in many languages, but at least this version supports 0 too More interesting doing real repeated additions (though in another order) is in fact only 1 byte longer: #!/usr/bin/perl -p s%%$_+=chop%reg


## Java 7, 63 bytes

int f(int n){int s=0;for(;n>0;n/=10)s+=n%10;return s>9?f(s):s;}


Recursive function which just gets digits with mod/div. Nothing fancy.

## Cheap port

of Jonathan Allan's would be a measly 28 bytes:

int f(int n){return~-n%9+1;}


## Hexagony, 19 15 bytes

.?<9{(/>!@!/)%'


  . ? <
9 { ( /
> ! @ ! /
) % ' .
. . .


Try it online!

-3 bytes by taking a different approach, making the 0 edge case trivial.
-1 byte by fixing 0 edge case bug

Using the formula ((n-1) mod 9) + 1 like a lot of other solutions aswell.

# Japt-h, 6 4 bytes

Æ=ìx


Try it

# Husk, 4 bytes

### Recursive method (4 bytes) (Credit to @ovs)

ωoΣd

      # implicit parameter ⁰ (refers to the last parameter)
d  # list of digits in base 10
Σd  # sum of list
oΣd  # compose the two functions
ωoΣd  # repeat until the function returns the same result as the previous one


Try it online!

### Modulus method (4 bytes)

→%9←

      # implicit parameter ⁰ (refers to the last parameter)
←  # previous number (n - 1)
%9←  # modulus by 9
→%9←  # next number (n + 1)


Try it online!

• ωoΣd works for the recursive version
– ovs
Oct 23 at 16:31
• cool ill change it soon Oct 31 at 17:32

# Brachylog, 9 bytes

#0|@e+:0&


Try it online!

### Explanation

#0            Input = Output = a digit
|           OR
@e         Split the input into a list of digits
+        Sum
:0&     Call this predicate recursively


### Alternative approach, 11 bytes

:I:{@e+}i#0

This one uses the meta-predicate i - Iterate to call I times the predicate {@e+} on the input. This will try values of I from 0 to infinity until one makes it so that the output of i is a single digit which makes #0 true.

## JavaScript (ES6), 41 38 bytes

Saved 3 bytes, thanks to Bassdrop Cumberwubwubwub

Takes and returns a string.

f=s=>s[1]?f(''+eval([...s].join+)):s


### Test cases

f=s=>s[1]?f(''+eval([...s].join+)):s

console.log(f("1")); // -> 1
console.log(f("45")); // -> 9
console.log(f("341")); // -> 8
console.log(f("6801")); // -> 6
console.log(f("59613")); // -> 6
console.log(f("495106")); // -> 7

• You can change s.split to [...s] Oct 27 '16 at 14:59

# CJam, 19 13 bytes

r{:~:+_s\9>}g


Interpreter

Explanation:

r{:~:+_s\9>}g Code
r             Get token
{:~:+_s\9>}  Block: :~:+_s\9>
~          Eval
:           Map
:         Map
_       Duplicate
s      Convert to string
\     Swap
9    9
>   Greater than
g Do while (pop)


Thanks to 8478 (Martin Ender) for -6 bytes.

# CJam, 6 bytes

ri(9%)


Suggested by 8478 (Martin Ender). Interpreter

I was thinking about it, but Martin just got it before me. Explanation:

ri(9%) Code
r      Get token
i     Convert to integer
(    Decrement
9   9
%  Modulo
) Increment

• Single-command map and reduce can both be written with prefix :, so you can do :~:+. It also doesn't hurt to run the block at least once so you can use a g loop instead of a w loop. Oct 27 '16 at 14:48
• @MartinEnder r{_,1>}{:~:+}w works, but I don't know how on earth am I supposed to use g here. Oct 27 '16 at 15:01
• E.g. like this: r{:~:+_s\9>}g (of course the closed form solution ri(9%) is much shorter. Oct 27 '16 at 15:04
• @MartinEnder Oh gawd, for real now, I'm such a beginner... Oct 27 '16 at 15:08
• The second one doesn't work on multiples of 9 Oct 5 '18 at 15:48

# Factor, 24

[ neg bitnot 9 mod 1 + ]


63 for dumb iterative solution:

[ [ dup 9 > ] [ number>string >array [ 48 - ] map sum ] while ]


## Labyrinth, 8 bytes

?(_9%)!@


using the equation (n-1)%9+1:

• ? reads the input as decimal and pushes it to the stack
• ( decrements the top of the stack
• _ pushes a zero onto the top of the stack
• 9 push the top of the stack popped times 10 the digit (in this case, 9)
• % pops y, pops x, pushes x%y
• ) increments the top of the stack
• ! pops the top of the stack and out puts it as a decimal string
• @ terminates the program

# Pyth - 746 7 bytes

Not the best one, but still beats a decent amount of answers:

|ejQ9 9


Like the previous version, but handling also cases of multiples of 9, using logical or.

This version fails the 45 testcase:

ejQ9


Explanation:

 jQ9  -> converting the input to base 9
e     -> taking the last digit


Try it here

Try the previous version here!

Previous solutions:

&Qh%tQ9


Explanation:

    tQ    -> tail: Q-1
%tQ9   -> Modulo: (Q-1)%9
&Qh%tQ9   -> Logical 'and' - takes the first null value. If Q is 0 - returns zero, otherwise returns the (Q-1)%9+1 expression result


You're invited to try it here!

• Your 4-byte version fails test case 45. Nov 2 '16 at 5:03
• Won't this give 0 for multiples of 9?
– xnor
Nov 2 '16 at 5:04
• Yeah, I just noticed it. Will do some fixing there. Apparently, jQ9 doesn't act like Jelly's ḃ9 :-P Nov 2 '16 at 5:19

# APL (Dyalog), 15 9 bytes bytes

××1+9|-∘1


Try it online!

# APL (Dyalog Classic), 3 bytes

9⊤⊢


Try it online!

Anonymous tacit prefix fork train.

 ⊤      ⍝ Tail of base conversion of
⊢    ⍝ right argument to
9       ⍝ base 9


## Python 2, 54 51 bytes

i=input()
while~-len(i):i=sum(map(int,i))
print i


Thanks to Oliver and Karl Napf for helping me save 3 bytes

• You can change while len(i)>1 to while~-len(i) to save one byte. Oct 27 '16 at 14:11
• I think you can omit the ticks around input() and force the input the be enclosed in quotes to save 2 bytes. Oct 27 '16 at 14:12
• @KarlNapf I don't think you can do this when the input is an integer. Oct 27 '16 at 14:15
• @EriktheGolfer, the op said that the input can be taken as a string Oct 27 '16 at 14:16

# Python, 45 bytes

f=lambda x:x[1:]and f(sum(map(int,x)))or x


Takes the argument as a string.

# 05AB1E, 6 bytes

[SODg#


Try it online!

Explanation

[        # infinite loop
S       # split into digits
O      # sum digits
Dg#   # if length == 1: break


## Ruby, 12 bytes

->n{~-n%9+1}

• 19 ? Shouldn't that be 9 ? Oct 27 '16 at 14:33
• @TonHospel Yes, stupid error :P Oct 27 '16 at 14:36

# C, 64 29 bytes

C port from Jonathan Allan's answer (with special case 0).

f(i){return i>0?~-i%9+1:0;}


Previous 64 byte code:

q(i){return i>9?i%10+q(i/10):i;}
f(i){i=q(i);return i>9?f(i):i;}


q takes the cross sum and f repeats taking the cross sum until a single digit.

# Retina, 15 bytes

.+
$* 1{9}\B 1  Try it online! (The first line enables a linefeed-separated test suite.) ### Explanation .+$*


Convert input to unary.

(1{9})*\B



Take 1-based modulo by removing nines that have at least one more character after them.

1
`

Count the remaining number of 1s to convert back to decimal.