# Description

Subtract the next P numbers from a N number. The next number of N is N + 1.

Look at the examples to get what I mean.

# Examples:

Input: N=2,P=3
Calculate: n - (n+1) - (n+2) - (n+3)     //Ending with 3, because P=3
Calculate: 2 -  2+1  -  2+2  - 2+3       //Replacing N with 2 from Input
Calculate: 2 -  3    -  4    - 5
Output: -10

Input: N=100,P=5
Calculate: n - (n+1) - (n+2) - (n+3) - (n+4) - (n+5)
Calculate: 100-  101 -  102  -  103  -  104  - 105
Output: -415

Input: N=42,P=0
Calculate: n
Calculate: 42
Output: 42

Input: N=0,P=3
Calculate: n - (n+1) - (n+2) - (n+3)
Calculate: 0 -  1    -  2    -  3
Output: -6

Input: N=0,P=0
Calulate: n
Calculate: 0
Output: 0


# Input:

N: Integer, positive, negative or 0

P: Integer, positive or 0, not negative

# Output:

Integer or String, leading 0 allowed, trailing newline allowed

# Rules:

• No loopholes
• This is code-golf, so shortest code in bytes wins
• Input and Output must be as described
• The essential challenge here is calculating triangle numbers. – Peter Taylor Sep 1 '16 at 11:41
• There's more to this than just triangular numbers; the start point is arbitrary as well as the number of subtractions, which may be zero. – JDL Sep 1 '16 at 11:45
• Also, for triangular numbers it's possible that doing the actual sum is shorter than using the closed form, whereas you can't just compute arbitrary polygonal numbers by summing a range from 0 to N. (I'd agree with the close vote if the other challenge just asked for triangular numbers.) – Martin Ender Sep 1 '16 at 11:51
• for the Input: N=0,P=3 example, your expansion has some extraneous double-negatives – turbulencetoo Sep 1 '16 at 14:36
• @JDL, the part which is "more than just triangle numbers" is a simple multiplication: N * (P-1). That's virtually the definition of trivial. – Peter Taylor Sep 1 '16 at 15:12

# 05AB1E, 5 3 bytes

Saved 2 bytes thanks to Adnan

Ý+Æ


Explanation

Takes P then N as input.

       # implicit input, ex 5, 100
Ý      # range(0,X): [0,1,2,3,4,5]
+     # add: [100,101,102,103,104,105]
Æ    # reduced subtraction: 100-101-102-103-104-105

• Ahhh, I almost wanted to post my solution haha. Also, for three bytes: Ý+Æ :). – Adnan Sep 1 '16 at 11:56
• It only switches the input (P goes first) – Adnan Sep 1 '16 at 11:56
• @Adnan: I didn't even know 05AB1E had Ý... I thought only 1-based range existed. – Emigna Sep 1 '16 at 11:58
• In which character encoding is that only 3 Bytes? ;-) – yankee Sep 2 '16 at 14:14
• @yankee: CP-1252 – Emigna Sep 2 '16 at 14:16

# Python 2, 26 24 23 bytes

-2 bytes thanks to @Adnan (replace p*(p+1)/2 with p*-~p/2)
-1 byte thanks to @MartinEnder (replace -p*-~p/2 with +p*~p/2

lambda n,p:n-p*n+p*~p/2


Tests are on ideone

## CJam, 8 bytes

{),f+:-}


Test suite.

Too bad that the closed form solution is longer. :|

### Explanation

),  e# Get range [0 1 ... P].
f+  e# Add N to each value to get [N N+1 ... N+P].
:-  e# Fold subtraction over the list, computing N - (N+1) - (N+2) - ... - (N+P).


## Haskell, 21 bytes

a#b=foldl1(-)[a..a+b]


## Javascript (ES6), 2019 18 bytes

n=>p=>n+p*(~p/2-n)


Saved 1 byte by currying, as suggested by Zwei
Saved 1 byte thanks to user81655

### Test

let f =
n=>p=>n+p*(~p/2-n)

console.log(f(2)(3))
console.log(f(100)(5))
console.log(f(42)(0))
console.log(f(0)(3))
console.log(f(0)(0))

• You can save a byte by currying the function. n=>p=>... and calling the function with f(n)(p) – Zwei Sep 1 '16 at 11:34
• (n,p)=>n-p*(++p/2+n) will also works in C#. – aloisdg Sep 1 '16 at 11:36
• n-p*(++p/2+n) is equivalent to n+p*(~p/2-n). – user81655 Sep 1 '16 at 14:38

# Jelly, 4 bytes

r+_/


Try it online!

### How it works

r+_/  Main link. Arguments: n, p

+    Yield n+p.
r     Range; yield [n, ..., n+p].
_/  Reduce by subtraction.


# Haskell, 19 18 bytes

n#p=n+sum[-n-p..n]


Previous 19 bytes solutions

n#p=n-n*p-(p*p+p)/2
n#p=n-sum[n+1..n+p]


# C#, 21 20 bytes

Edit: Saved one byte thanks to TheLethalCoder

N=>P=>N-P++*(N+P/2);


Try it online!

Full source, including test cases:

using System;

namespace substract
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Func<int,Func<int,int>>s=N=>P=>N-P++*(N+P/2);
Console.WriteLine(s(2)(3));     //-10
Console.WriteLine(s(100)(5));   //-415
Console.WriteLine(s(42)(0));    //42
Console.WriteLine(s(0)(3));     //-6
Console.WriteLine(s(0)(0));     //0

}
}
}

• use currying N=>P=> instead of (N,P)=> to save 1 byte – TheLethalCoder Sep 2 '16 at 10:23

## Mathematica, 15 bytes

#2-##-#(#+1)/2&


An unnamed function that receives P and n as its parameters in that order.

Uses the closed form solution n - n*p - p(p+1)/2.

# Perl, 23 22 bytes

Includes +1 for -p

Give n and p (in that order) on separate lines of STDIN:

subtract.pl
2
3
^D


subtract.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl -p
$_-=eval"+2+$_++"x<>  (using '' quotes to save the \ invokes a 2 byte penalty because it can't be combined with -e) Same idea and length: #!/usr/bin/perl -p _+=eval"-1-++$_"x<>  Surprisingly doing the actual calculation is shorter than using the direct formula (these $'s really hurt for arithmetic)

## C++, 54 51 bytes

  [](int N,int P){int F=N;while(P--)F-=++N;return F;}


[](int N,int P){int F;for(F=N;P;F-=++N,P--);return F;}

## Test:

#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
int N, P;
std::cin >> N >> P;
auto f = [](int N,int P){int F=N;while(P--)F-=++N;return F;};
std::cout << f(N,P) << std::endl;
return 0;
}

• Welcome to PPCG! Unfortunately, all submissions need to be programs or callable functions, whereas this is just a snippet that assumes the input to be stored in pre-defined variables and stores the output in another. – Martin Ender Sep 1 '16 at 12:06
• @MartinEnder I have changed to C++ with lambda. Is it acceptable? – VolAnd Sep 1 '16 at 12:25
• Yes, lambdas are fine. :) – Martin Ender Sep 1 '16 at 12:25
• You can do this in C with 40 bytes f;g(n,p){f=n;while(p--)f-=++n;return f;} using your algorithm – cleblanc Sep 1 '16 at 13:35
• @cleblanc Thanks for tip - global variable and declaration without an explicit type are really useful. What a pity that C99 standard removed implicit int – VolAnd Sep 2 '16 at 4:57

## Pyke, 6 bytes

m+mhs-


Try it here!

m+     -    map(range(input_2), +input_1)
mh   -   map(^, +1)
s  -  sum(^)
- - input_1 - ^


# Brachylog, 19 17 bytes

hHyL,?+y:Lx+$_:H+  ### Explanation hH Input = [H, whatever] HyL, L = [0, …, H] ?+ Sum the two elements in the Input y Yield the range from 0 to the result of the sum :Lx Remove all elements of L from that range + Sum the remaining elements$_      Negate the result


# MATL, 5 bytes

:y+s-


Inputs are P and then N.

Try it at MATL Online!

### Explanation

:     % Take P implicitly. Range [1 2 ... P]
%     Stack: [1 2 ... P]
y     % Take N implicitly at the bottom of the stack, and push another copy
%     Stack: N, [1 2 ... P], N
+     % Add the top two arrays in the stack , element-wise
%     Stack: N, [N+1 N+2 ... N+P]
s     % Sum of array
%     Stack: N, N+1+N+2+...+N+P
-     % Subtract the top two numbers
%     Stack: N-(N+1+N+2+...+N+P)
% Implicitly display


# Forth, 36 bytes

Simple computation of n - (p*n + (p^2+p) / 2)

: f 2dup dup dup * + 2/ -rot * + - ;


Try it online

## Batch, 30 bytes

@cmd/cset/a%1-(%1*2+%2+1)*%2/2


Takes n and p as command-line parameters and prints the result without a trailing newline.

## S.I.L.O.S, 80 bytes

GOTO b
lbla
n+1
m-n
i-1
GOTO d
lblb
n=i
m=n
lbld
if i a
printInt m


Try it online with test cases:
2,3
100,5
42,0
0,3
0,0

# R, 17 14 bytes

N-N*P-sum(0:P)


Thanks to billywob for golfing away 3 bytes. Previous answer:

N-sum(N+if(P)1:P)


Note that 1:0 expands to the vector (1,0) so we need the if(P) condition (or to use seq_len, but that is more bytes). Without the condition, we would get the wrong output if P=0.

If P is zero, then the sum expands to sum(N+NULL), then to sum(numeric(0)), which is zero.

• Not sure if this qualifies as a full program because it requires N and P to be already defined. Either way using n-n*p-sum(0:p) would be shorter anyways :) – Billywob Sep 1 '16 at 11:50
• My interpretation of the problem is that N and P are already defined (other answers seem to take this line as well). Golfing point taken though. – JDL Sep 1 '16 at 12:19
• Unless specified otherwise submissions need to be full programs or callable functions not just snippets. Which other answers make the assumption that the variables are already defined? – Martin Ender Sep 1 '16 at 12:30
• I'm not a javascript expert, but it looks like the javascript solution is taking the variables as already defined. That could be my own misunderstanding though. Since N and P were named as such in the problem, I took that as "specified otherwise". If not, then we need a wrapper function(N,P){...} or N=scan();P=scan();... – JDL Sep 1 '16 at 12:47
• @JDL the javascript entry doesn't take predefined variabled – Blue Sep 1 '16 at 14:08

# PHP, 33 Bytes

$n-=$n*$p+array_sum(range(0,$p));

• I think you need to use <?php or short <? for PHP-Code. Please edit your answer. – Paul Schmitz Sep 1 '16 at 16:16
• php.net/manual/de/features.commandline.usage.php not from the command line – Jörg Hülsermann Sep 1 '16 at 17:40
• Sorry, forget what said. I have seen many answers with this, and therefore thought, that there is a rule for that, which is not the case. There should be one, to avoid discussions like this one. – Paul Schmitz Sep 1 '16 at 18:00

# Jelly, 7 bytes

RS+×_×-


Arguments are P, N
Test it on TryItOnline

How?

RS+×_×-  - takes two arguments: P, N
R        - range(P): [1,2,3, ... ,P]
S       - sum: 1+2+3+ ... +P
×     - multiply: P*N
+      - add: 1+2+3+ ... +P + P*N
_    - subtract: 1+2+3+ ... +P + P*N - N
-  - -1
×   - multiply: (1+2+3+ ... +P + P*N - N)*-1
= -1-2-3- ... -P - P*N + N
= N - (N+1) - (N+2) - (N+3) - ... - (N+P)


# Pyth - 6 bytes

-F}Q+E


# Java, 67, 63 bytes

Golfed:

int x(int n,int p){return-((p%2<1)?p*p/2+p:p/2*(p+2)+1)+n-p*n;}


Ungolfed:

int x(int n, int p)
{
return -((p%2<1) ? p*p/2+p : p/2 * (p+2) + 1) + n - p*n;
}


Basically I did some math on the formula. The n - p*n part takes care of the all n's in the formula. Then I used a super fun property of summing together linearly increasing set of integers (arithmetic series): I used the sum of first and last integer and then multiply it by set.length / 2 (I also check for the parity and handle it appropriately).

Try it: https://ideone.com/DEd85A

• You can remove the space between int n,int p to save a byte. Also, you can change the p%2==0 to p%2<1 to save another byte. -- I wasn't aware you had already posted a Java answer when I posted my shorter variant with for-loop. I like your mathematical formula, though, so +1 from me. :) – Kevin Cruijssen Sep 1 '16 at 13:40
• Great formula! Using p%2>0 and switching the order in the ternary you can save a character. – Frozn Sep 1 '16 at 18:40
• Oh and also p/2 *(p+2) is equal to p*p/2+p – Frozn Sep 1 '16 at 18:48
• Hehe great improvements :) actually this formula comes from a funny anecdote :) @KevinCruijssen nice answer, definitely better than mine :) +1 – peech Sep 2 '16 at 9:16

# Java 7, 43 40 bytes

int c(int n,int p){return n-p*n+p*~p/2;}


# Java 8, 19 bytes

(n,p)->n-p*n+p*~p/2


Shamelessly stolen from @JonathanAllan's amazing Python 2 formula.

Original answer (61 60 bytes):

int c(int n,int p){int r=n,i=1;for(;i<p;r-=n+++i);return r;}


Ungolfed & test cases:

Try it here.

class M{
static int c(int n, int p){
return n - p*n + p*~p / 2;
}

public static void main(String[] a){
System.out.println(c(2, 3));
System.out.println(c(100, 5));
System.out.println(c(42, 0));
System.out.println(c(0, 3));
System.out.println(c(0, 0));
}
}


Output:

-10
-415
42
-6
0

• What about this requires Java 7? – mbomb007 Sep 2 '16 at 13:15
• @mbomb007 int c(int n,int p){...}. If it would have been Java 8 (or 9) it could have been (n,p)->n-p*n+p*~p/2 (19 bytes) – Kevin Cruijssen Sep 2 '16 at 13:16
• Then do that to save those bytes. – mbomb007 Sep 2 '16 at 13:19

# Fourier, 34 bytes

I~No~OI~P>0{1}{@P+N(N^~NO-N~ON)Oo}


Try it online!

## Labyrinth, 15 bytes

?:?:}*-{:)*#/-!


or

??:})*{:)*#/-!


Uses the closed form solution n - n*P - P*(P+1)/2.

# php, 38 bytes

<?=$argv[1]*(1-$a=$argv[2])-$a++*\$a/2;


# Burlesque, 12 bytes

perz?+{.-}r[


Try it online!

pe     #Read input as P, N
rz     #Range (0,N)
?+     #Add P to each
{.-}r[ #Reduce via subtraction


# Pyth, 11 bytes

Ms+Gm_+GdSH


A function g that takes input of n and p via argument and prints the result. It can be called in the form gn p.

Try it online

How it works

Ms+Gm_+GdSH  Function g. Inputs: G, H
M            g=lambda G,H:
SH   1-indexed range, yielding [1, 2, 3, ..., H]
m_+Gd     Map lambda d:-(G+d) over the above, yielding [-(G+1), -(G+2), -(G+3),
..., -(G+H)]
+G          Add G to the above, yielding [G, -(G+1), -(G+2), -(G+3), ..., -(G+H)]
s            Reduce on addition with base case 0, yielding G-(G+1)-(G+2)-(G+3)...
-(G+H)
Implicitly print


# C89, 38, 35, 33 bytes

h(n,p,r)int*r;{*r=n-p++*(n+p/2);}


Test it on Coliru.

# Maple, 19 bytes

n-sum(i,i=n+1..n+p)


Usage:

> f:=(n,p)->n-sum(i,i=n+1..n+p);
> f(2, 3);
-10
> f(100,5);
-415
> f(42,0);
42
`