# Equality in the sum of digits

### Introduction

Let's take the number 180. This is an interesting number because the sum of digits of this number is equal to:

1 + 8 + 0 = 9


And the squared version of this number, or:

180² = 32400 > 3 + 2 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 9


These are both 9. The sum of digits of the original number and the squared number are the same. Of course, this is also found at OEIS: A058369.

Given a non-negative integer n, output the nth positive number with this condition.

### Test cases (zero-indexed)

Input > Output

0 > 1
1 > 9
2 > 10
3 > 18
4 > 19
5 > 45
6 > 46
7 > 55
8 > 90
9 > 99
10 > 100
11 > 145
12 > 180
13 > 189
14 > 190
15 > 198
16 > 199
17 > 289
18 > 351
19 > 361


The input can also be 1-indexed if that fits you better.

This is , so the submission with the least amount of bytes wins!

• In case nobody has spotted it yet, only numbers which are equivalent to 0 or 1 (mod 9) can appear in the list. – Neil Mar 12 '16 at 19:05
• @MamaFunRoll Um... no. Sorry. Numbers with digital roots of 5 have squares whose digital root is 7. – Neil Mar 12 '16 at 20:17
• @Neil owait nvm – Mama Fun Roll Mar 12 '16 at 20:42
• I wrote a Brachylog predicate to determine whether or not the input is a term of this sequence, but couldn't get the find-nth boilerplate working, so I'll just leave it in a comment: ^₂;?{ẹ+}ᵛ – Unrelated String May 9 at 3:35

# Jelly, 13 bytes

,²DS€=/
1Ç³#Ṫ


Input is 1-indexed. Try it online!

### How it works

1Ç³#Ṫ    Main link. Argument: n (index)

1        Set the return value to 1.
#     Execute ... until ... matches have been found.
Ç         the helper link
³        n
Ṫ    Extract the last match.

,²DS€=/  Helper link. Argument: k (integer)

,²       Pair k with k².
D      Convert each to decimal.
S€    Compute the sum of each list of base 10 digits.
=/  Reduce by equality.


## Haskell, 54 bytes

s=sum.map(read.pure).show
([x|x<-[1..],s x==s(x^2)]!!)


Usage example: ([x|x<-[1..],s x==s(x^2)]!!) 17 -> 289.

s calculates the digit sum:

show     -- turn number into a string
map(read.pure)          -- turn every character (the digits) in to a
-- one element string and convert back to integer
sum                          -- sum those integers

main function:

[x|x<-[1..]            ]     -- make a list of all x starting from 1
,s x==s(x^2)      -- where s x == s (x^2)
!!   -- pick nth element from that list


# JavaScript (ES6), 76 73 72 bytes

n=>eval("for(q=s=>eval([...s+''].join+),i=1;q(i)!=q(i*i)||n--;i++);i")


I spent 30 minutes trying to get this to work until I realized I was outputting the wrong variable :|

This is zero-indexed.

• I feel like turning this into a recursive function would shorten this up a lot... – Mama Fun Roll Mar 12 '16 at 3:00

{(grep {$_.comb.sum==$_².comb.sum},1..*)[$_]}  # 05AB1E, 109 8 bytes µNÐn‚1öË  1-indexed. -1 byte thanks to @Emigna by removing the implicit ½ (increase counter_variable after every iteration) at the end -1 byte thanks to @Grimy removing the duplicated SO by using ‚1ö Try it online. Explanation: µ # Loop while the counter_variable is not equal to the (implicit) input yet: NÐ # Push the 0-based loop index three times n # Take the square of this index # i.e. 180 → 32400 ‚ # Pair it with the index # i.e. 180 and 32400 → [180,32400] 1ö # Convert both numbers from base-1 to base-10, which basically sums the digits # i.e. [180,32400] → [9,9] Ë # Check if both sums are equal # i.e. [9,9] → 1 (truthy) # (if they are: implicitly increase the counter_variable by 1) # (after the loop: implicitly print the top of the stack, which is the remaining # copy of the index from the triplicate we've used)  • You don't need ½ here as it's implicit – Emigna May 8 '18 at 15:25 • -1: µNDn‚1öË. 1ö is like SO but vectorizes, which lets us avoid code duplication. – Grimy May 7 at 16:31 • @Grimy Thanks again. I've also added that as a tip to my Small tips post. :) – Kevin Cruijssen May 7 at 17:41 # Mathematica, 64 bytes a=Tr@*IntegerDigits;Nest[NestWhile[#+1&,#+1,a@#!=a[#^2]&]&,1,#]&  Simple anonymous function. Zero-indexed. # Pyth, 15 e.fqsjZTsj^Z2TQ  1 byte thanks to DenkerAffe! Try it here or run a Test Suite. Uses the 1-indexed option. Naive implementation using .f which gets the first n numbers that match the given condition. • You can save one byte by removing h if you use 1-indexing which is explicitly allowed. – Denker Mar 11 '16 at 22:29 • @DenkerAffe Oh, thanks I should read more closely :P – FryAmTheEggman Mar 11 '16 at 22:33 # MATL, 24 23 bytes x@2:^"@V!Us]=?@]NG<]1$


Uses 1-based input.

Try it online!

x        % take inpout and delete it (gets copied into clipboard G)
%   do...while
@      %   push loop iteration index: candidate number, n
2:^    %   array [n n^2]
"      %   for each element of that array
@    %     push that element
V!U  %     get its digits (to string, transpose, to number)
Xs   %     compute their sum
]      %   end for each
=      %   are the two sums equal?
?      %   if so
@    %     the candidate number is valid: push it
]      %   end if
NG<    %   is number of elements in stack less than input?
]        % if so, proceed with next iteration. End do...while.
1$% specify 1 input for implicit display: only top of stack  • very nice that MATL is finally listed among distant compilers there !. – Abr001am Mar 12 '16 at 12:39 # Julia, 79 66 bytes f(n,x=0,i=1,s=c->sum(digits(c)))=x<n?f(n,x+(s(i)==s(i^2)),i+1):i-1  This is a recursive function that accepts an integer and returns an integer. It uses 1-based indexing. We store a few things as function arguments: • n : The input • x : A counter for how many numbers with this condition we've found • i : A number to check for the condition • s : A function to compute the sum of the digits of its input While x is less than the input, we recurse, incrementing x if i meets the condition and incrementing i. Once x == n, we return i, but we have to subtract 1 because it will have been incremented one too many times. ## Convex 0.2, 36 35 bytes Convex is a new language that I am developing that is heavily based on CJam and Golfscript. The interpreter and IDE can be found here. Input is an integer into the command line arguments. Indexes are one-based. Uses the CP-1252 encoding. 1\{\__2#¶{s:~:+}%:={\}{)\}?}h;(  # Mathematica, 636061 59 bytes Select[Range[9^#],Equal@@Tr/@IntegerDigits/@{#,#^2}&][[#]]&  While making this the other answer popped up but I'm beating them by a single byte and I'm posting this before that one gets golfed. One indexed. • Fails for input >2457. Simply increasing your Range won't help, because A058369[n]/n doesn't seem to converge. – murphy Mar 11 '16 at 23:14 • Better? filler+ – CalculatorFeline Mar 11 '16 at 23:31 • 10^# would be shorter than 2^#*9. Of course it becomes too slow after n is bigger than about 6... – feersum Mar 12 '16 at 3:19 • Why not 9^#?fil – CalculatorFeline Mar 12 '16 at 3:30 • Do you have a proof that f(n) <= 9^n? (10 is obvious because 10^n is always a solution). – feersum Mar 12 '16 at 3:42 # Retina, 103 bytes \d+$*1 x
{x+
$.0$*x¶$.0$*a¶$.0$*b
%b
$_ a+|b+$.0
\d
$* +1¶1 ¶ 1(.*)¶¶$|¶[^d]+
$1x }^ ?x x  Definitely golfable. Uses the new Retina feature % for squaring (hence not working with the online version yet). # Mathcad, 70 50 bytes Mathcad has no built in functions to convert a number to its digit string, so the user function d(a) does this job. A program then iterates through the positive integers, testing for equality of sums, until it has accumulated n numbers in the vector v. The program is evaluated using the = operator, which displays the result vector. (Note that the whole program appears exactly as displayed below on the Mathcad worksheet) Updated program: Assumes default initialization of a to zero and makes use of fact that Mathcad returns the value of the last evaluated statement in a program. Makes use of evaluation order of expressions to increment variable a in the first summation (and which is then available for use in the sum of square) Original program: Returns a vector of all numbers up to n. # Japt, 15 bytes 1-indexed _ìx ¶Z²ìx «U´}a  Try it # Java 8, 113 bytes n->{int r=0;for(;n>=0;)if((++r+"").chars().map(c->c-48).sum()==(r*r+"").chars().map(c->c-48).sum())n--;return r;}  0-indexed Explanation: Try it online. n->{ // Method with integer as both parameter and return-type int r=0; // Result-integer, starting at 0 for(;n>=0;) // Loop as long as n is zero or positive if((++r // Increase r by 1 first +"").chars().map(c->c-48).sum() // And if the sum of its digits ==(r*r+"").chars().map(c->c-48).sum()) // equals the sum of the digit of its square n--; // Decrease n by 1 return r;} // Return the result  # Perl 5-p, 53 bytes Includes +1 for -p 1 based #!/usr/bin/perl -p$.++while$_-=!eval+("-($.) ".$.**2)=~s/\B/+/gr;$_=\$.


Try it online!

# TI-BASIC 66 62 bytes

Ans→N:While X<N:IS>(A,A::A:prgmA:Ans→B:A²:prgmA:If B=Ans:IS>(X,N:End:A
sum(int(10fPart(Ans₁₀^(seq(⁻X-1,X,0,log(Ans


Input is $$\n\$$ in Ans.
Output is the 1-indexed $$\n\$$th term in the sequence.

Helper function generates the sum of the digits of the value in Ans.

Examples:

3:prgmCDGF1E
10
5:prgmCDGF1E
19
8:prgmCDGF1E
55
10:prgmCDGF1E
99


Explanation:

Ans→N:While X<N:IS>(A,A::A:prgmA:Ans→B:A²:prgmA:If B=Ans:IS>(X,N:End:A ;prgmCDGF1E

Ans→N            ;store the input in N
While X<N        ;loop until the Nth term has been reached
IS>(A,A:         ;add 1 to A
; (Increment A and skip the next statement if A>A)
A                ;leave A in Ans
prgmA            ;call the helper program below
Ans→B            ;store the result of the helper program in B
A²               ;square A and leave the result in Ans
prgmA            ;call the helper program below
; (result is in Ans)
If B=Ans         ;if the two results are equal
IS>(X,N          ;add 1 to X
; (Increment X and skip the next statement if X>N)
End
A                ;leave A in Ans
;implicit print of Ans

sum(int(10fPart(Ans₁₀^(seq(⁻X-1,X,0,log(Ans   ;prgmA

seq(⁻X-1,X,0,log(Ans    ;generate a list...
; using X as the variable,
; starting at 0,
; ending at the log of Ans,
; and evaluating "⁻X-1" for each element
; (implicit increment of 1)
₁₀^(                       ;raise 10 to the power of each element
Ans                           ;multiply each element by the input
fPart(                              ;remove the integer part from each element
10                                    ;multiply each element by 10
int(                                      ;round each element to the nearest integer
sum(                                          ;then sum the resulting list


Note: TI-BASIC is a tokenized language. Character count does not equal byte count.

# J, 62 bytes

[:{:({.@](>:@[,],[#~(=&(1#."."0@":)*:)@[)}.@])^:(#@]<1+[)^:_&1


Try it online!

1 indexed. J once again not performing well on these "nth of" tasks, because of the excessive bookeeping mechanics.

# APL(NARS), 49 chars, 98 bytes

r←h w;c
c←r←0
→2×⍳∼=/+/¨(⍎¨⍕)¨r,r×r+←1⋄→2×⍳w>c+←1


1-indexed, test:

  h¨⍳20
1 9 10 18 19 45 46 55 90 99 100 145 180 189 190 198 199 289 351 361


# MathGolf, 10 bytes

♪╒gÆ‼Σ²Σ=§


Try it online!

## Explanation

To make this usable, I chose to present a version which calculates every number with this property below 1000, and fetches the correct item from that list. To have a solution which would work for any input size, the first byte could be replaced by ú (push 10**TOS). Since the n:th term in the sequence is always less than $$\10^n\$$, the script would always succeed. However, this puts a practical limit on calculation that's very low.

♪            push 1000
╒           range(1,n+1)
gÆ         filter list using the next 5 operators
‼        apply next two commands to TOS
Σ       sum(list), digit sum(int)
²      pop a : push(a*a) (square)
Σ     sum(list), digit sum(int) (pushes the digit sum of the square)
=    pop(a, b), push(a==b) (compares the two)
§   get from array (returns the <input>th item from the filtered list

• Maybe I should just create a chat for MathGolf.. Anyway, I have a question: are there any builtins for replace, split by, and such for strings? I have the feeling compression might save bytes here, but not sure if the builtins exist to accomplish it. – Kevin Cruijssen Jun 11 at 14:29
• There is a closed MathGolf chat. I tried keeping it alive, but lately I've been swamped with work, and it kept getting closed. I don't want to bother the mods every time. To answer your question, MathGolf wasn't really meant to handle string operations, but I've implemented functionality for string handling to handle some basic challenges. As you've noticed, there's still a lot to desire. If I add anything, it'll probably be something similar to what 05AB1E has, but I haven't really gotten any spare time for MathGolf development these last months. – maxb Jun 12 at 7:57