C#, 87
class P{static void Main(string[]a){System.Console.Write((char)(int.Parse(a[0])+64));}}
Complete program (not some (part of a) "function" expecting foo to be bar to work), accepts command line parameter: foo.exe 1
prints A
, foo.exe 16
prints P
C#, 10
When I make the same assumptions as, for example, the 'code-golfers' that posted the VSCript Classic ASP, Python, Burlesque, Ruby, C solutions we can get it down to 10:
(char)x+64
"Assuming x
is magically initialized / passed in / on the stack / whatever excuse" and the contest doesn't explicitly require me to print it, just "return" it (which most of the above solutions don't do, either).