Find the coastline

Question

Your task is to find the length of the coastline of a map of islands provided in an ASCII map. The input map will consist of 1 or more # characters that indicate land, and spaces which indicate water. The coastline is considered to be any edge between land and water, including inland lakes and islands.

Your solution should be a complete program that reads in a file, a string or an array of strings, and outputs a single integer to the screen or stdout. Each input line may have leading or trailing space, and zero or more hash characters. The borders of the map are assumed to be space (water).

Lines may be of different lengths.

Examples:

Input:
##
##
Output: 8

Input:
    ###    ###
  #####     #
   ##
Output: 26

Input:
  #####
  #   #
  # # #
  #   #
  #####
Output: 36

This is code golf, so the smallest byte count wins.

Answer 1

Snails, 8 bytes

A
\#o!\#

​​​​​The A option means to count all matching paths rather which starting points a match succeeds from. \# consumes a #, o turns in a cardinal direction, and !\# is a negative assertion which succeeds if there is not a # in front of us.

Answer 2

Pyth - 25 23 bytes

First it pads the input to a rect. Then counts the occurrences of " #" over the 4 permutations of transpositions and reversals of the input+space.

/ssm_B++;j;d;CB.t.zd" #

Try it online here.

Answer 3

ES6, 123 115 114 bytes

a=>a.map((s,i)=>s.replace(/#/g,(h,j)=>r+=(s[j-1]!=h)+(s[j+1]!=h)+((a[i-1]||'')[j]!=h)+((a[i+1]||'')[j]!=h)),r=0)|r

Edit: Saved 9 bytes thanks to @edc65.

Answer 4

MATL, 42 bytes

c2\FTFt!*Y+2*qFTFtl-4lhhbvv_2X53$Y+t0>)s2/

This accepts the input as a cell array of strings, of the form

{'#####', '#   #', '# # #', '#   #', '#####'}

It first converts the input to a 2D char array, padding with spaces, and then to a matrix of zeros and ones. 2D-convolution is then applied twice, with two different masks: first for expanding the matrix, second for detecting edges.

Try it online!

Answer 5

Japt, 22 19 bytes

4o £UzX è"#%s|#$} x

Assumes the input is padded with spaces to form a rectangle. Test it online!

How it works

          // Implicit: U = input string, S = a space
4o £    } // Create the array [0,1,2,3], and map each item X to:
UzX       //  Rotate U by 90 degrees X times.
è"#%s|#$  //  Count the number of "#"s followed by a space, newline, or end-of-string.
x         // Sum the resulting array.