Parenthesize an expression

Question

Recently I've been writing a new language, to avoid needing to handle order of operations, I simply parenthesize each expression properly to avoid this entirely.

Because parenthesis are at char-codes 40-41, your code will need to be as short as possible.

---

Examples

1+2*3
(1+(2*3))

2*(3+4)
(2*(3+4))

2*3/4+3
(((2*3)/4)+3)

342*32/8
((342*32)/8)

Rules

The only operations you'll need to handle are: * (multiplication), / (division), + (addition), and - (subtraction).

• The order of operations is:
  • Parenthesis
  • Multiplication, Division
  • Adition, Subtraction
• You should prefer to go left-right
• The input numbers will always be positive integers (see bonuses)

Bonuses

-20% if you handle negation:

3+-5
(3+(-5))

-5% if you allow spaces to be placed inside the input:

3  + 4
(3+4)

-10% if you can handle decimals in the input:

1+.12
(1+.12)
1+0.21/3
(1+(0.21/3))

500 bounty: if you manage to write an answer in Unnamed/Blocks

Answer 1

JavaScript (ES6) 179 (263 -20% -5% -10%)

(x,W=[],Q=['('],z=1,w=v='',h=p=>'*/+-))('.indexOf(p)|1,C=n=>{for(;h(q=Q.pop())<=h(n);)W[0]=`(${W[1]+q+W.shift()})`;z&&Q.push(q,n)})=>(x+')').replace(/[\d.]+|\S/g,t=>t>'('?t>')'?~h(t)?z?(w+='('+t,v+=')'):C(t,z=1):W=[w+t+v,...W,z=w=v='']:C(t,z=0):z=Q.push(t))&&W[0]

As the other two answers are currently both wrong, I'll post mine. It's a variation of the expression parser that I used here and here and somewhere else. Look there for more detailed algorithm explanations.

It's quite bulky but it should work.

Test snippet

f=(x,W=[],Q=['('],z=1,w=v='',h=p=>'*/+-))('.indexOf(p)|1,C=n=>{for(;h(q=Q.pop())<=h(n);)W[0]=`(${W[1]+q+W.shift()})`;z&&Q.push(q,n)})=>(x+')').replace(/[\d.]+|\S/g,t=>t>'('?t>')'?~h(t)?z?(w+='('+t,v+=')'):C(t,z=1):W=[w+t+v,...W,z=w=v='']:C(t,z=0):z=Q.push(t))&&W[0]

// More readable
x=(x,W=[],Q=['('],z=1,w=v='',
  h=p=>'*/+-))('.indexOf(p)|1,
  C=n=>{
    for(;h(q=Q.pop())<=h(n);)W[0]=`(${W[1]+q+W.shift()})`;
    z&&Q.push(q,n)
  }
)=>(
  (x+')')
  .replace(/[\d.]+|\S/g,t=> 
       t>'('    
       ?t>')'
       ?~h(t)
       ?z
       ?(w+='('+t,v+=')')
       :C(t,z=1)
       :W=[w+t+v,...W,z=w=v=''] // overfill W to save 2 chars ()
       :C(t,z=0)
       :z=Q.push(t)
  ),
  W[0]
)

console.log=(...x)=>O.textContent+=x.join` `+'\n'

// TEST
;[
  ['1+2*3','(1+(2*3))'],['2*(3+4)','(2*(3+4))'],['2*3/4+3','(((2*3)/4)+3)'],['342*32/8','((342*32)/8)'],
  ['3+-5','(3+(-5))'],['-3+-4*7','((-3)+((-4)*7))'], // bonus 20%
  ['3  + 4','(3+4)'], // bonus 5%
  ['1+.12','(1+.12)'],['1+0.21/3','(1+(0.21/3))'] // bonus 10%
].forEach(t=>{var k=t[1],i=t[0],r=f(i); console.log(i+' : '+r+(r==k? ' OK':' Fail expecting '+k))})

<pre id=O></pre>

Answer 2

Python, 153 * 0.9 = 137.7 bytes

def p(e):
 for o in"+-*/":
    for i,c in enumerate(e):
        if(c==o)*(0==sum([(d=="(")-(d==")")for d in e[:i]])):return"("+p(e[:i])+o+p(e[i+1:])+")"
 return e

This program handles decimal input.

The second line begins with a space, the second begins with a tab, the third with two tabs and the third with a space. This saved one byte. Here's a hexdump (xxdp p):

0000000: 6465 6620 7028 6529 3a0a 2066 6f72 206f  def p(e):. for o
0000010: 2069 6e22 2b2d 2a2f 223a 0a09 666f 7220   in"+-*/":..for 
0000020: 692c 6320 696e 2065 6e75 6d65 7261 7465  i,c in enumerate
0000030: 2865 293a 0a09 0969 6628 633d 3d6f 292a  (e):...if(c==o)*
0000040: 2830 3d3d 7375 6d28 5b28 643d 3d22 2822  (0==sum([(d=="("
0000050: 292d 2864 3d3d 2229 2229 666f 7220 6420  )-(d==")")for d 
0000060: 696e 2065 5b3a 695d 5d29 293a 7265 7475  in e[:i]])):retu
0000070: 726e 2228 222b 7028 655b 3a69 5d29 2b6f  rn"("+p(e[:i])+o
0000080: 2b70 2865 5b69 2b31 3a5d 292b 2229 220a  +p(e[i+1:])+")".
0000090: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 650a                  return e.

Here's a program I used for testing: (Save the program above as paren.py)

import paren

cases = {
        "2+3*4": "(2+(3*4))", 
        "(2+3)*4": "((2+3)*4)", 
        "1+2+3+4": "(1+(2+(3+4)))", 
        "3/2+5": "((3/2)+5)", 
        "1+2-3": "(1+(2-3))", 
        "2-1+2": "((2-1)+2)",
        "3+-5": "(3+(-5))",
        "1+.12": "(1+.12)",
        "1+0.21/3": "(1+(0.21/3))",
}


for num, case in enumerate(cases):
    print "\n\n\033[1m\033[38;5;14mCase #%d: %s" % (num + 1, case)
    result = paren.p(case)
    print "\033[38;5;4mParenthesize returned: %s" % (result)
    solution = cases[case]
    if result == solution:
        print "\033[38;5;76mCorrect!"
    else:
        print "\033[38;5;9mNot correct!"

Make sure that your terminal uses the \033[38;5;<COL>m escape code for colors.

Answer 3

Python, 241 * 0.8 * 0.95 * 0.9 = 164.84 characters

I'm using the ast (Abstract Syntax Trees) library, and a homebrew string replacement dict. The string replacement costs a lot, but the bonus helps in keeping the score somewhat low. Maybe (the string replacement part) can be golfed further.

Note that this solution adds an extra set of parenthesis around each number, but I think that's within the spirit of the question

import ast;def p(e):
 r,s={"Module([":"",")])":"","Expr(":"","BinOp":"","Num":"",", Add(), ":"+",", Sub(), ":"-",", Div(), ":"/",", Mult(), ":"*"},ast.dump(ast.parse(e),annotate_fields=False)
 for f,t in r.iteritems():s=s.replace(f,t)
 return s

Test suite:

cases = {
    "2+3*4", 
    "(2+3)*4", 
    "1+2+3+4", 
    "3/2+5", 
    "1+2-3", 
    "2-1+2",
    "3+-5",
    "1+.12",
    "1+0.21/3"
}

for num,case in enumerate(cases):
    result = p(case)
    print "Case {}: {:<16} evaluates to: {}".format(num+1,case,result)

Output of the test suite:

Case 1: 3+-5             evaluates to: ((3)+(-5))
Case 2: 3/2+5            evaluates to: (((3)/(2))+(5))
Case 3: 2+3*4            evaluates to: ((2)+((3)*(4)))
Case 4: 1+2+3+4          evaluates to: ((((1)+(2))+(3))+(4))
Case 5: 1+0.21/3         evaluates to: ((1)+((0.21)/(3)))
Case 6: (2+3)*4          evaluates to: (((2)+(3))*(4))
Case 7: 2-1+2            evaluates to: (((2)-(1))+(2))
Case 8: 1+.12            evaluates to: ((1)+(0.12))
Case 9: 1+2-3            evaluates to: (((1)+(2))-(3))