This is a question is inspired by A Curious Property of 82000. In it, the author points out that the number 82000 is binary in base 2, 3, 4, and 5. The post then poses the question "is there a number that is binary in bases 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6"? (For those curious, I've checked values up to 10^1,000,000 and so far the answer is no.)

This got me thinking: given a number, what bases is it binary in?

Our curious number, 82000, is actually binary in six bases:

Base 2 = 10100000001010000
Base 3 = 11011111001
Base 4 = 110001100
Base 5 = 10111000
Base 81999 = 11
Base 82000 = 10


Not all numbers will have binary bases that are sequential. Consider the number 83521. It's binary in bases 2, 17, 289, 83520, and 83521.

Your challenge is to determine and display which bases a number is binary in.

# Rules

• A number is considered "binary" in a given base if its representation in that base consists of only zeroes and ones. 110110 is a binary value, while 12345 is not, A380F is definitely not.
• Your number will be provided on standard input. It will be an integer value between 2 and 2^32-1 inclusive and will be provided in base-10 format.
• In ascending order, display each base greater than one that the number is binary in. Each base should be on its own line. If you include the binary value in that base (see the bonus scoring below), separate the base and the binary value with a space. Only output to standard out will be judged, standard error and other sources will be ignored.

# Scoring

Your score is your program's size in bytes. The lower the score, the better.

Bonus:
If your program also outputs the binary values in the found bases, multiply your score by 0.75
Your displayed binary value should have no extra punctuation, no extraneous zeroes, no decimal point, just zeroes and ones.

# Examples

Input:

82000


2 10100000001010000
3 11011111001
4 110001100
5 10111000
81999 11
82000 10


Input:

1234321


Output (no bonus):

2
1111
1234320
1234321

• Can the input end with a newline? – LegionMammal978 Jun 2 '15 at 19:26
• @LegionMammal978 - Uhhh... sure? My intent was that you should be able to get the input number with a simple fgets, readline, or something similar. – Mr. Llama Jun 2 '15 at 19:29
• In general, n is always at least binary in bases 1 (not counted), 2, n-1, and n. – mbomb007 Jun 2 '15 at 19:44
• When you say, "your number will be provided on standard input," do you mean STDIN only, or can we alternatively accept the number as a function argument as is standard for the site? – Alex A. Jun 2 '15 at 20:20
• Should the binary representation (in the bonus part) have a certain format? Particularly would [1, 0, 1, 1, 0] be o.k., or does the numbers have to be joined like 10110? – Jakube Jun 2 '15 at 21:08

# Pyth, 14 13

jbf!-jQTU2tSQ


Thanks to Jakube for pointing out the new S function.

Try it here.

The online version is too slow to do 1234321. This simply converts the input to each base from 2 to itself and discards the results that contain values other than 0 and 1.

### Explanation:

                           : Q=eval(input) (implicit)
jb                         : join on newlines the list...
f!                       : filter away nonempty values (impliticly named T)
-jQTU2                 : sewtise difference of number converted to base and range(2)
jQT                   : convert Q to base T
U2                 : range(2)
tSQ              : over the range [2 Q+1)


In addition, this is a (not well golfed now well golfed, again thanks to Jakube) bonus version (20 * .75 = 15):

VQI!-JjQK+2NU2pdKjkJ


Try it here

• Pyth just got updated. So you can link to actual solutions. – Jakube Jun 3 '15 at 8:47
• And here's a 20 * 0.75 = 15 solution: VQI!-JjQK+2NU2pdKjkJ Sometimes functional programming is not the best approach. – Jakube Jun 3 '15 at 8:48

# Julia, 72 70 bytes

It's actually longer with the bonus, so no bonus here.

n=int(readline());for j=2:n all(i->i∈0:1,digits(n,j))&&println(j)end


This reads a line from STDIN, converts it to an integer, and prints the result. Despite being a brute force method, the input 1234321 took less than 1 second for me.

Ungolfed + explanation:

# Read n from STDIN and convert to integer

# For every potential base from 2 to n
for j = 2:n
# If all digits of n in base j are 0 or 1
if all(i -> i ∈ 0:1, digits(n, j))
# Print the base on its own line
println(j)
end
end


Examples:

julia> n=int(readline());for j=2:n all(i->i∈0:1,digits(n,j))&&println(j)end
1234321
2
1111
1234320
1234321

82000
2
3
4
5
81999
82000


NOTE: If input can be taken as a function argument rather than from STDIN (awaiting confirmation from the OP), the solution is 55 bytes.

# CJam, 20 bytes (or 27 bytes * 0.75 = 20.25)

Here is the no bonus version, 20 bytes:

ri:X,2f+{X\b2,-!},N*


Try this here.

Just for fun, here is the bonus version, 27 bytes:

ri:X{X\)b2,-!},1>{)SX2$bN}/  Try it online here • Sure. Once I am done a bit of golfing. – Optimizer Jun 2 '15 at 19:37 • ri_,f{2+S@2$bN}4/{2=2,-!}, (19.5 bytes) – Dennis Jun 2 '15 at 20:15

# Mathematica, 59 bytes

Print/@Select[1+Range[n=Input[]],Max@IntegerDigits[n,#]<2&]


Ugh... IntegerDigits D:

There isn't really much to explain about the code... 12 bytes are wasted by the requirement for using STDIN and STDOUT.

I don't think I can claim the bonus. The best I've got is 84 bytes (which yields a score over 60):

Print@@@Select[{b=#+1," ",##&@@n~IntegerDigits~b}&/@Range[n=Input[]],Max@##3<2&@@#&]


# Python 2, 88 86 80

Fairly straightforward, no bonus. Python is nice and lenient with global variables.

N=input();g=lambda n:n<1or(n%b<2)*g(n/b)
for b in range(2,N+1):
if g(N):print b


Best I've managed to get for the bonus is 118*.75 = 87.75:

N=input();g=lambda n:0**n*" "or" "*(n%b<2)and(g(n/b)+n%b)*(g(n/b)>'')
for b in range(2,N+1):
if g(N):printb+g(N)

• Nice solution, beat me to it with much shorter code. – Kade Jun 2 '15 at 20:17
• It would be shorter to just do g(N) instead of n=N. – feersum Jun 2 '15 at 20:40
• @feersum Oh yeah (it used to be g(N,b) so the comma made the two equal), but what do you mean I wouldn't need a variable for N? – KSab Jun 2 '15 at 20:44
• @KSab I deleted that second part; never mind it. – feersum Jun 2 '15 at 20:45
• I may be wrong but couldn't you get the bonus by just changing g(n/b) to (g(n/b)+'n%b') where ' represents a backtick? – feersum Jun 2 '15 at 20:46

# Python 2, 90 * 0.75 = 67.5

n=input();b=1
while b<n:
b+=1;s="";c=k=n
while k:s=k%b+s;c*=k%b<2;k/=b
if c:print b,s


Pretty straightforward iterative approach.

Without the bonus, this is 73 bytes:

n=input();b=1
while b<n:
b+=1;c=k=n
while k:c*=k%b<2;k/=b
if c:print b


# SQL (PostgreSQL), 247.5255 230.25 (307 * .75)

Since SQL is known to be wonderful at these sorts of challenges, I thought I better put one together :) The bonus was really worthwhile for this one.
It should comply with spec, but I have no easy way to test the COPY I FROM STDIN.
Edit Fixed order. Changed the way column R is handled to use an array.

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS I(I INT);TRUNCATE TABLE I;COPY I FROM STDIN;WITH RECURSIVE R AS(SELECT n,I/n I,ARRAY[I%n] R FROM generate_series(2,(SELECT I FROM I))g(n),(SELECT I FROM I)I(I)UNION ALL SELECT n,I/n,I%n||R FROM R WHERE I>0)SELECT n||' '||array_to_string(R,'')FROM R WHERE 2>ALL(R)and i=0ORDER BY n


As a test I just used straight inserts into the I table. Test run expanded and commented.

-- Create the table to accept the input from the copy command
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS I(I INT);
-- Make sure that it is empty
TRUNCATE TABLE I;
-- Popoulate it with a value from STDIN
--COPY I FROM STDIN;
INSERT INTO I VALUES(82000); -- Testing
--Using a recursive CTE query
WITH RECURSIVE R AS (
-- Recursive anchor
SELECT n,                -- base for the row
I/n I,                -- integer division
ARRAY[I%n] R   -- put mod value in an array
FROM generate_series(2,(SELECT I FROM I))g(n), -- series for the bases
(SELECT I FROM I)I(I) -- Cross joined with I,  saves a few characters
UNION ALL
-- for each row from r recursively repeat the division and mod until i is 0
SELECT n,
I/n,
I%n||R -- Append mod to beginning of the array
FROM R WHERE I>0
)
-- return from r where i=0 and r has 1's and 0's only
SELECT n||' '||array_to_string(R,'')
FROM R
WHERE 2 > ALL(R)and i=0
ORDER BY n -- Ensure correct order


2 10100000001010000
3 11011111001
4 110001100
5 10111000
81999 11
82000 10

• So close! The output bases needs to be in ascending order. +1 for using an unconventional language though. – Mr. Llama Jun 3 '15 at 21:13
• @Mr.Llama fixed it with an order by. Now to see if I can get those characters back – MickyT Jun 3 '15 at 21:23

# Haskell 109*0.75 = 81.75 bytes

0#x=[]
n#x=nmodx:div n x#x
f n=[show x++' ':(n#x>>=show)|x<-[2..n+1],all(<2)$n#x] p=interact$unlines.f.read


Usage example (note: binary values are lsb first):

p 82000

2 00001010000000101
3 10011111011
4 001100011
5 00011101
81999 11
82000 01


Without input/output restrictions, i.e input via function argument, output in native format via REPL):

### Haskell, 67*0.75 = 50.25 bytes

0#x=[]
n#x=nmodx:div n x#x
f n=[(x,n#x)|x<-[2..n+1],all(<2)$n#x]  Returns a list of (base,value) pairs. The values are lsb first, e.g. (newlines/spaces added for better display):  f 82000 [ (2,[0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1]), (3,[1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1]), (4,[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1]), (5,[0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1]), (81999,[1,1]), (82000,[0,1]) ]  # R, 111 Probably a lot of room to improve this at the moment i=scan();b=2:i;R=i%%b;I=rep(i,i-1);while(any(I<-I%/%b))R=cbind(I%%b,R);for(x in b)if(all(R[x-1,]<2))cat(x,'\n')  Runs with warnings > i=scan();b=2:i;R=i%%b;I=rep(i,i-1);while(any(I<-I%/%b))R=cbind(I%%b,R);for(x in b)if(all(R[x-1,]<2))cat(x,'\n') 1: 82000 2: Read 1 item There were 17 warnings (use warnings() to see them) 2 3 4 5 81999 82000 >  • @AlexA. Warnings caused by coercing the I%/%b to a logical in the any() clause.  – MickyT Jun 2 '15 at 21:03 # Java, 181155.25(207 * .75) 151.5(202 * .75) bytes class I{public static void main(String[]a){a:for(long b=new java.util.Scanner(System.in).nextLong(),c,d=1;d++<b;){String e="";for(c=b;c>0;e=c%d+e,c/=d)if(c%d>1)continue a;System.out.println(d+" "+e);}}}  Expanded with explanation: class I { public static void main(String[]a){ a:for(long b=new java.util.Scanner(System.in).nextLong(),c,d=1; //b = input(), d = base d++<b;) { //For all bases in range(2,b+1) String e=""; for(c = b;c > 0; e = c % d + e,c /= d) //Test all digits of base-d of b //e = c % d + e //Append digits to string if (c % d > 1) //Reject base if the digit is greater than 1 continue a; System.out.println(d+" "+e); //Print base and digits. } } }  Original (without bonus): class I{public static void main(String[]a){long b=new java.util.Scanner(System.in).nextLong(),c,d=1;a:for(;d++<b;){c=b;while(c>0){if(c%d>1)continue a;c/=d;}System.out.println(d);}}}  3.75 bytes thanks to Ypnypn :) # R, 9483 79 n=scan();cat((2:n)[!sapply(2:n,function(x){while(n&n%%x<2)n=n%/%x;n})],sep="\n")  Usage: > n=scan();cat((2:n)[!sapply(2:n,function(x){while(n&n%%x<2)n=n%/%x;n})],sep="\n") 1: 82000 2: Read 1 item 2 3 4 5 81999 82000 > n=scan();cat((2:n)[!sapply(2:n,function(x){while(n&n%%x<2)n=n%/%x;n})],sep="\n") 1: 1234321 2: Read 1 item 2 1111 1234320 1234321  The core of the function is !sapply(2:n,function(x){while(n&n%%x<2)n=n%/%x;n}) which, for each base x from 2 to n, keep the quotient n/x as long as the remainder is either 0 and 1. It then outputs the result (which is 0 if all remainders were either 1 or 0) and negates it (0 negates to TRUE, everything else negates to FALSE). Thanks to function scope, there is no need to make a dummy variable for n. The resulting vector of booleans is then used to index 2:n and therefore outputs only the bases for which it worked. # TI-Basic, 45 bytes Input N For(B,2,N If prod(seq(BfPart(iPart(N/B^X)/B),X,0,log(N)/log(B))<2 Disp B End  ## Explanation • Input N • For every B from 2 to N • If N is just 0 and 1 in base B • Display B • End loop ## The complicated part The second line works as follows: • For every X from 0 to logB N • B × fPart(iPart(N / BX) / B) is the Nth digit in base B, counting backwards • Consider this as a list • For each element, if the digit is less than 2, yield 1 (true), else 0 (false) • Take the product: 1 iff all elements are 1 ## Note The program runs significantly faster if a closing parenthesis ) is placed at the end of the second line. See here for more about this. # TI-BASIC, 31 29 For(B,2,Ans If 2>round(Bmax(fPart(Ans/B^randIntNoRep(1,32 Disp B End  This is probably optimal for TI-BASIC. Explanation: randIntNoRep(1,32) returns a random permutation of the numbers from 1 to 32 (All we need is those numbers in some order; TI-BASIC doesn't have anything like APL's iota command). 32 elements is enough because the smallest possible base is 2 and the largest number is 2^32-1. B^randIntNoRep(1,31) raises that list to the Bth power, which results in the list containing all of B^1,B^2,...,B^32 (in some order). Then the input (in the Answer variable, which is input to in the form [number]:[program name]) is divided by that number. If your input is 42 and the base is 2, the result will be the list 21,10.5,5.25,...,42/32,42/64,[lots of numbers less than 1/2], again in some order. Taking the fractional part and multiplying the number by your base gives the digit at that position in the base-b representation. If all digits are less than 2, then the greatest digit will be less than 2. As Ypnypn stated, a closing parenthesis on the For statement speeds this up due to a parser bug. 31->31: Saved a byte but fixed rounding errors which added the byte again. 31->29: Saved two bytes by using RandIntNoRep() instead of cumSum(binomcdf()). • Does TI-BASIC have a sequence function? – Mr. Llama Jun 4 '15 at 21:57 • Yes, the command is seq(expression, variable, start, end[, step]). If no step is given, it defaults to 1. However, cumSum(binomcdf(31,0 is 8 bytes whereas seq(X,X,1,32 is 9 bytes. – lirtosiast Jun 4 '15 at 22:27 • Ah, that explains it. I'm not familiar with scoring works in TI-Basic. – Mr. Llama Jun 5 '15 at 15:32 # Jelly, 9 bytes ³bṀỊµÐfḊY  Try it online! Done alongside caird coinheringaahing in chat. ## How it works ³bṀỊµÐfḊY Full program. Ðf Filter the implicitly generated range [1, input]. µ Starts a new monadic chain. ³b Convert the input to the base of the current number, as a list. Ṁ Maximum. Ị Insignificant. Checks if abs(Z) ≤ 1. Ḋ Dequeue; Removes the first element of the list (to drop base 1). Y Join by newlines.  ## Javascript, ES6, 118*.75 = 88.5 110*.75 = 82.5 f=x=>{res={};for(b=2;b<=x;++b)if(!+(res[b]=(c=x=>x%b<2?x?c(x/b|0)+""+x%b:"":"*")(x)))delete res[b];return res}  Previous version: f=x=>{res={};for(q=2;q<=x;++q)if(!+(res[q]=(c=(x,b)=>x%b<2?x?c(x/b|0,b)+""+x%b:"":"*")(x,q)))delete res[q];return res}  Check: f(82000) Object { 2: "10100000001010000", 3: "11011111001", 4: "110001100", 5: "10111000", 81999: "11", 82000: "10" }  • Here you have no input and no output. – edc65 Jun 3 '15 at 0:36 # JavaScript (ES6) 65 68 bytes for a function with a parameter and console output. f=n=>{s=n=>n%b>1||b<n&&s(n/b|0);for(b=1;b++<n;)s(n)||console.log(b)}  65 bytes with I/O via popup n=prompt(s=n=>n%b>1||b<n&&s(n/b|0));for(b=1;b++<n;)s(n)||alert(b)  Claiming the bonus: 88*0.75 => 66 n=prompt(s=n=>n%b>1?9:(b<=n?s(n/b|0):'')+n%b);for(b=1;b++<n;)s(n)<'9'&&alert(b+' '+s(n))  ## Mathematica, 76 * 0.75 = 57 n=Input[];G=#~IntegerDigits~b&;If[Max@G@n<2,Print[b," ",Row@G@n]]~Do~{b,2,n}  Initially forgot about the input requirements... Fortunately, those didn't add too much extra. # Ruby, 44 bytes ->n{(2..n).select{|i|n.digits(i)-[0,1]==[]}}  Try it online! # Perl 5, 63 bytes map{$t=$n;1while($f=$t%$_<2)&&($t=int$t/$_);say if$f}2..($n=<>)  Try it online! No bonus on this because it scores very slightly better than my version with the bonus: # Perl 5, 85 bytes * 0.75 = 63.75 map{my$r;$t=$n;$r=$/.$r while($/=$t%$_)<2&&($t=int$t/$_);say"$_ 1$r"if$/<2}2..(\$n=<>)
`

Try it online!