Calculate the troll toll to safely pass

Inspired by https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/q/626

In your adventures you arrive at a series of 7 bridges you have to cross. Underneath each bridge lives a troll. In order to cross the bridge, you must first give the troll a number of cakes as a percentage of the number of cakes you are carrying. Because these are kind trolls, they will give back a certain number of cakes to you.

At the start of each day, the local troll king sets the percent cake tax that each traveler must pay, and the troll cake refund -- the number of cakes that each troll must give back to travelers.

Your job is to calculate the minimum number of cakes needed to pass all 7 troll bridges for the given conditions on that day.

Assume:

1. Two input parameters: percent cake tax (integer from 0 to 100), and troll cake refund.
2. No one, not even trolls, wants a cake partially eaten by another troll. If you are left with a fraction of a cake the troll gets it.
3. If a troll accepts a cake tax, but then has to give you back all of the cakes (is left with the same or fewer cakes than before), it will become angry and eat you and your cakes.
4. Every troll must keep at least one complete cake.
5. You can only carry a maximum of 100 cakes.
6. You need to end the day where you are currently located or on the other side of all 7 bridges.

Challenge:

Write a complete program to output the minimum number of cakes to travel for the current day or zero if it's not possible to safely travel today -- you will wait to see what the numbers are tomorrow.

Input should be passed as stdin, command line arguments or file input.

Shortest code (byte count) wins.

Example:

25% cake tax, 2 troll cake refund.

before troll 1: (19 * 0.75) = 14.25
after troll 1: (14 + 2) = 16

before troll 2: (16 * 0.75) = 12
after troll 2: (12 + 2) = 14

etc.

19 cakes -> 16 -> 14 -> 12 -> 11 -> 10 -> 9 -> 8
18 cakes -> 15 -> 13 -> 11 -> 10 -> 9 -> 8 -> 8 (rule 3)

For 18 cakes, the last troll wouldn't get to keep any cakes. Therefore, the minimum number of cakes for a 25%/2 day is 19.

input: 25 2
output: 19


Example 2:

90% cake tax, 1 troll cake refund

100 cakes -> 11 -> 2 -> 1 (rule 4)

The third troll didn't get to keep any cake. Therefore it is not possible to travel on a 90%/1 day even starting with the maximum number of cakes.

input: 90 1
output: 0


Data

Put together a quick graph of input and output values. I was surprised this wasn't "smooth" (like a bell curve or similar); there are several noticeable islands.

Data for those interested. Columns are divided into 5% intervals, rows are units of 1 cake refund intervals (excel rotated the image). You can see there can't be a refund higher than 28 cakes.

27, 17, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, 53, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
47, 27, 20, 19, 19, 19, 24, 39, 48, 68, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
67, 37, 28, 24, 23, 28, 27, 29, 50, 70, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
87, 47, 33, 29, 27, 28, 31, 44, 37, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 57, 40, 34, 31, 29, 34, 34, 62, 74, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 67, 48, 39, 35, 38, 37, 49, 57, 76, 92, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 77, 53, 44, 39, 38, 47, 39, 59, 78, 94, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 87, 60, 49, 43, 39, 40, 54, 46, 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 97, 68, 54, 47, 48, 44, 44, 71, 82, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 73, 59, 51, 48, 47, 59, 73, 84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 80, 64, 55, 49, 51, 49, 68, 86, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 88, 69, 59, 58, 54, 64, 70, 88, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 93, 74, 63, 58, 57, 54, 57, 90, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 100, 79, 67, 59, 67, 69, 82, 92, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 84, 71, 68, 60, 59, 77, 94, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 89, 75, 68, 64, 74, 79, 96, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 94, 79, 69, 67, 64, 66, 98, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 99, 83, 78, 71, 79, 91, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 87, 78, 74, 69, 93, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 91, 79, 77, 84, 88, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 95, 88, 87, 74, 90, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 99, 88, 80, 89, 77, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 89, 84, 79, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 98, 87, 94, 97, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 98, 91, 84, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 99, 94, 99, 86, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 97, 89, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

• Good point. Make it a complete program for simplicity. Input can be specified however you see fit as long as it's not hard-coded (updated challenge). – user21677 Oct 10 '14 at 18:13
• This is a good puzzle to brute-force in CJam. I'll do that around tomorrow – user16402 Oct 10 '14 at 18:28
• bah, this is why c# can't have nice things – user21677 Oct 10 '14 at 18:36
• Rule 2 seems to exclude the possibility of a troll receiving only a fraction of a cake, which should make assumption 4 redundant. Yet you say in example 2 that the third troll would only get 0.8 cakes. – Dennis Oct 12 '14 at 19:29
• There are conflicts in the spec. In the 25 2 11 cake case, you give the troll 2.75 cakes and get back 2 so the troll keeps .75(+.25) and you survive. In the 90 1 2 cake case, you give the troll 1.8 and get back 1 so the troll keeps .8(+.2) but you die. – TwiNight Oct 13 '14 at 8:46

CJam, 464341393836 33 bytes

100:H,{)_7{ea:i~H@m2$*H/+@;}*>}#)  Input via ARGV. There is an online interpreter, but unfortunately it doesn't support command-line arguments. For testing, you can mimick it from STDIN with this version: rr]:A; 100:H,{)_7{A:i~H@m2$*H/+@;}*>}#)


Explanation of the ARGV-based version:

100:H                                  "Push a 100 and save it in H.";
,                                 "Create a range (as an array) from 0 to 99.";
{                       }#       "Find the first index in [0,1,2,...,99] for which the
block produces a truthy (non-zero) value.";
)_                              "Increment and duplicate the current array element.";
7{                }*          "Execute the block seven times.";
ea:i                        "Push the command-line arguments as an array of strings
and convert each element to an integer";
~                       "Unwrap the array.";
H@                     "Push a 100 and rotate the stack to pull up
the first command line argument.";
m                    "Subtract (from 100).";
2$"Copy the last iterations result."; *H/ "Multiply and divide by 100, deducting tax."; + "Add the refund."; @; "Rotate top three stack elements, and discard the one that has been pulled to the top. This always leaves the last two results on the stack."; > "Make sure that the last result was less than the second to last. Yields 0 or 1."; ) "After the # search completes, we'll get -1 if no such index exists, or one less than the desired number if it does, so we can just increment.";  The contents of the stack are automatically printed at the end of the program. • Your code produces incorrect results for 55 2 (0 instead of 100) and 56 5 (98 instead of 94). This is because 100_0.55*-i and 25_0.56*-i fall victim to floating point imprecision. As far as I can tell, the pairs 31 24, 31 25, 33 21, 33 22, 33 23, 35 10, 35 12, 35 15, 35 16, 35 27, 56 1, 57 4 give incorrect results as well. – Dennis Oct 12 '14 at 21:39 • @Dennis fixed, thanks! – Martin Ender Oct 12 '14 at 21:44 • @Dennis That actually saved a byte. I wish CJam had closures, then I could just define a block at the beginning that does the tax deduction, and use that, instead of using two variables. Maybe I can save something using ARGV instead of STDIN, let me see. – Martin Ender Oct 12 '14 at 21:59 CJam, 44 40 38 37 35 bytes l~U100:M),{{_M5$-*M/3$+_@<*}7*}=]W=  Or when using command line arguments and {}# trick, 33 bytes: 100:M,{){_ea:i~M@-@*M/+_@<*}7*}#)  Not putting this one as my main as {}# approach is inspired from Martin's answer. Example run: Input: 25 2  Output: 19  Another: Input: 15 14  Output: 100  How it works l~ "Read the two numbers, swap and convert tax to double"; U100:M), "Push 0 and [0, 1, ... 100] to stack, storing 100 in M"; { ... }= "Run this code for each element until top stack element is 1"; {...}7* "Run this code block 7 times"; _ "Copy the array element"; M5$                    "Push 100 and a copy tax % to stack";
-*                  "Number = (100 - tax %) * Number";
M/                "Integer divide the number by 100";
_@<*         "Convert to 0 if refunded number > before tax one";
]W=  "Take the last element of the stack";


Try it online here

• And now that's left is to wait for Dennis to come along and beat both of us. ;) – Martin Ender Oct 10 '14 at 20:27
• Not in CJam ;) (hopefully) – Optimizer Oct 10 '14 at 20:28
• I really like the ]W= trick, but so far, every way I try to use it I end up with the same character count. – Martin Ender Oct 10 '14 at 20:41
• @MartinBüttner - Yeah, me too. – Optimizer Oct 10 '14 at 21:01
• @Dennis - Should work now, with an added benefit of 2 bytes shorter code :D – Optimizer Oct 12 '14 at 22:09

APL (39)

T R←⎕⋄⊃Z/⍨{⍵(⊢×>)R+⌊⍵×1-T÷M}⍣7¨Z←⍳M←100


Explanation:

• T R←⎕: read two numbers from the keyboard and store them in T (tax) and R (return).
• Z←⍳M←100: store the number 100 in M, and all numbers from 1 to 100 in Z.
• {...}⍣7¨: for each element in Z, run the following function 7 times:
• R+⌊1-T÷M: calculate how many cakes need to be paid,
• ⍵(⊢×>): multiply that amount by 1 if the troll ends up with more cake than he started, or by 0 if not.
• ⊃Z/⍨: for each element in Z, replicate it by the number that that function gave. (So all numbers for which the function returned 0 disappear.) Then select the first item from that list. If the list ended up empty, this gives 0.

C, 83 bytes

int cake(int perc_taken, int given_back)
{
int startcake = floor(100.f/perc_taken*given_back+1);
for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
startcake = ceil((startcake-given_back) * 100.f/(100 - perc_taken));
}
return startcake;
}


If it works, it works for all possible startcakes, not just from 1 to 100.

EDIT: It works. Golfed:

n(int p,int g) {int s=100./p*g+1,i=0;for(;i++<6;){s=ceil((s-g)*100./(100-p));}return s;}


With the 'maximum 100 cakes' limit:

n(int p,int g) {int s=100./p*g+1,i=0;for(;i++<6;){s=ceil((s-g)*100./(100-p));}return s>100?0:s;}


91 bytes.

• I think it's an important part of the spec that the solution returns zero if you'd need more than 100 cakes at the start. – Martin Ender Oct 16 '14 at 11:59

CJam, 36 bytes

q~:R100:H*\d:T/i){R-H*HT-/m]}6*_H)<*


C++ - 202 chars

As usual, my C++ did the worst:

#include<iostream>
int main(){double p,g,c=1,i,r,t;std::cin>>p>>g;for(;c<101;c++){r=c;for(i=0;i<7;i++){t=(int)(r*(1-(p/100))+g);if(t>=r){r=-1;break;}r=t;}if(r!=-1)break;}r!=-1?std::cout<<c:std::cout<<0;}


APL, 36

x y←⎕⋄101|1⍳⍨y<x×{y+⍵-⌈⍵×x}⍣6⍳x÷←100


Explanation

Note that there is a "cake threshold". For tax rate x and refund y, you will need strictly more than y÷x cakes to pass the next bridge.

x y←⎕ take input and assign to x (tax) and y (return)
⍳x÷←100 divide x by 100, and then generate an array of 1 to 100

{y+⍵-⌈⍵×x}⍣6 call the "pass bridge" function 6 times:
⌈⍵×x The number of cakes you have, times tax rate, round up (the amount you pay)
⍵- Subtract from the number of cakes you have
y+ Add the refund

Then you get a 100-element array showing the number of cakes you are left with after crossing 6 bridges if you start with 1~100 cakes. To see if you can cross the last bridge, check if you are above the threshold y÷x. Alternatively:
x× multiply the array by x
y< check if greater than y

Finally,
1⍳⍨ find the index of first occurrence of 1 (true), returns 101 if not found
101| mod 101

C 128

Pretty similar to the other C solution but I think that's inevitable. The main trick is breaking out of the inner loop with different values depending on whether it goes to completion or not. This allows me to use ?: when I couldn't if I used break;

t,r,j,k,l,p;main(i){for(scanf("%d%d",&t,&r),i=101;k=--i;){for(j=8;--j>0;)(p=r+k*(100-t)/100)<k?k=p:j=0;j?0:l=i;}printf("%d",l);}


Ungolfed

int t,r,j,k,l,p;
main(int i)
{
for(scanf("%d%d",&t,&r),i=101;k=--i;)
{
for(j=8;--j>0;)
{
if((p=r+k*(100-t)/100)<k)
k=p;
else
j=0;
}
j?0:l=i;
}
printf("%d",l);
}

• what compiler are you using? – user21677 Oct 14 '14 at 20:48