Emacs, 26 bytes (possibly + 10 = 36, or − 2 = 24)
The extra key that's needed in this answer is Esc. This is on the half of the keyboard that's still intact, but isn't mentioned in the question for some reason, so might or might not give a penalty to the score. (Esc and Alt are equivalent in Emacs; Alt is also on the intact half of the keyboard but isn't mentioned in the question, but has to be held rather than tapped so I can't use it as my extra key. It would save two bytes, though, because it has a shorter encoding than Esc does.)
The program itself (the commas delimit the boundaries between bytes in the on-the-wire format that Emacs uses to accept its input):
W, S, Esc, $, D, A, Ctrl-T, S, R, W, D, Esc, $, 5, Ctrl-Q, 5, f, Ctrl-X, r, Ctrl-Space, 1, Ctrl-X, r, g, 1, Ctrl-T
Encoding of this as raw bytes, to prove byte count:
00000000: 5753 1b24 4441 1453 5257 441b 2435 1135 WS.$DA.SRWD.$5.5
00000010: 6618 7200 3118 7267 3114 f.r.1.rg1.
(Note: some of the details may vary based on how Emacs is configured; this answer requires quoted-char-radix to be set to 16, and for Emacs to use the spellcheck dictionary that's default on my British English system. Both of these seem like reasonable configuration settings, but it's possible that your copy of Emacs may be configured differently. A different dictionary would likely still give a 26-byte program, but slightly different misspellings might need to be used so that the corrections we wanted can be accepted by non-bullet-ridden keys.)
Explanation
I'm not sure whether it should have any influence on the editor wars, but Emacs seems to beat vim at least in the case of this question. Emacs is pretty suited to editor golf measured in bytes, because it relies heavily on chords which take up multiple keypresses but only a single byte (thus an Emacs program is often slower to type than the equivalent Vim program, but shorter on disk). Additionally, most of the most important Emacs commands are in the bottom-left corner of the keyboard, to be close to Ctrl, very helpful with a question like this one.
"You can assume you have the interpreter shell / source editor opened before the bullets came in. Sadly you have not written anything in it before the keyboard was hit.", so I'm assuming that we have an empty file open in Emacs and need to type the password into it. (We'd need to save the file afterwards, and probably exit Emacs, but the bytes for that aren't being counted in other people's answers so I'm not counting them here either. It's totally doable using the left hand side of the keyboard, though, Ctrl-X, Ctrl-S, Ctrl-X, Ctrl-C.)
Taking it a command (or block of similar commands) at a time:
- W, S: Enter
WS into the document.
- Esc, $: Invoke the spellchecker.
WS isn't a real word, but it finds lots of similar two-letter words.
- D: Using the spellchecker, correct
WS to PS. (When the spellchecker is invoked using Alt-$, as happened here (Esc and Alt are equivalent to Emacs), it only checks one word, so it deactivates after doing this.)
- A: insert
A, giving PSA.
- Ctrl-T: Swap the previous two characters, giving
PAS.
- S, R, W, D: Type
SRWD, giving PASSRWD.
- Esc, $, 5: We invoke the spellchecker again, because we want to correct our misspelled
PASSRWD into PASSWORD. Note that we can't have it guess the word we want on our first try, like it would with PASSWRD, because the key to accept the closest real word is 0 which we can't press. As a result, the slightly more extreme misspelling PASSRWD is used to push the word we want into position 5, where we can accept it.
- Ctrl-Q, 5, f: Insert the character with character code U+5f, i.e.
_. The document now reads PASSWORD_ (or will when we start typing the next command; before then, the underscore doesn't appear in case we type another hex digit).
- Ctrl-X, r, Ctrl-Space, 1: Store the current cursor position (relative to the start of the file) in register 1. For some bizarre reason, this is 1-indexed, so (having written 9 characters so far) the cursor is at position
10.
- Ctrl-X, r, g, 1: Copy the content of register 1 into the document. It now reads
PASSWORD_10.
- Ctrl-T: Swap the two characters before the cursor. We now have
PASSWORD_01, like the question asks for.
If we're allowed to use Alt, we can probably encode the "invoke spellchecker" command as the single byte a4 rather than spelling it out as 1b 24; it appears twice, so that leads to two bytes of savings. (Most modern terminals use 1b 24 as the encoding for Alt-$ to avoid clashes with UTF-8, but the a4 encoding is also encountered from time to time, sometimes available as a configuration option.)
Possible byte savings probably involve golfier misspellings to correct. PSASWRD would be a byte shorter to type, but unfortunately, the spellchecker doesn't seem capable of gleaning PASSWORD out of that, so PASSRWD is the best approach I've found so far. The register-based approach to gaining 10 is also ridiculously unwieldy, but there aren't many ways of creating numbers from nowhere in Emacs, and 0 is a painful character to get hold of otherwise. (At least there were a couple of amazingly useful coincidences: the cursor just happening to end up in position 10, which contains a 0, right when needed; and the fact that Emacs accepts the redundant g register operation to insert the contents of a register into the document, in addition to the more intuitive i.)
stewardesses? \$\endgroup\$ – codebreaker Jun 11 '14 at 18:07