# The Luhn algorithm for verifying credit card numbers, etc

### Challenge

Write the shortest program or function to calculate the Luhn Algorithm for verifying (credit card) numbers.

### Luhn algorithm explained

From RosettaCode, this algorithm for the purposes of this challenge is specified as such, with the example input of 49927398716:

Reverse the digits, make an array:
6, 1, 7, 8, 9, 3, 7, 2, 9, 9, 4
Double the numbers in odd indexes:
6, 2, 7, 16, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 18, 4
Sum the digits in each number:
6, 2, 7, 7, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 9, 4
Sum all of the numbers:
6 + 2 + 7 + 7 + 9 + 6 + 7 + 4 + 9 + 9 + 4 = 70
If the sum modulo 10 is 0, then the number is valid:
70 % 10 = 0 => valid


### IO Rules

Input: A string or number (your choice), in your language's input/output format of choice

Output: A truthy or falsy value, respectively, indicating whether or not the input is valid according to the test above.

### Notes / Tips

• Try not to accidentally post your own credit card or account numbers, if you use them to test :)

• If the input is invalid and impossible to process with the specified algorithm (i.e, too short to work with), you can do whatever you want, including blow up my computer.

• However, the previous bullet does not mean that your language can do whatever it wants with Numbers that are too large for it to handle. If your language isn't capable of handling a test case, then consider taking a string as input.

### Examples

The following examples were validated with this Python script; if you think one is wrong or have a question, just ping @cat.

49927398716      True
49927398717      False
1234567812345670 True
1234567812345678 False
79927398710      False
79927398711      False
79927398712      False
79927398713      True
79927398714      False
79927398715      False
79927398716      False
79927398717      False
79927398718      False
79927398719      False
374652346956782346957823694857692364857368475368 True
374652346956782346957823694857692364857387456834 False
8 False **
0 True  **


** according to the Python implementation, but you may do anything because these are too short to be eligible by a strict adherence to the specification.

If any of the above invalidates existing answers (though I believe that should not be possible), then those answers are stil valid. However, new answers, in order to be valid, should follow the specification above.

var QUESTION_ID=22,OVERRIDE_USER=73772;function answersUrl(e){return"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions/"+QUESTION_ID+"/answers?page="+e+"&pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&site=codegolf&filter="+ANSWER_FILTER}function commentUrl(e,s){return"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/answers/"+s.join(";")+"/comments?page="+e+"&pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&site=codegolf&filter="+COMMENT_FILTER}function getAnswers(){jQuery.ajax({url:answersUrl(answer_page++),method:"get",dataType:"jsonp",crossDomain:!0,success:function(e){answers.push.apply(answers,e.items),answers_hash=[],answer_ids=[],e.items.forEach(function(e){e.comments=[];var s=+e.share_link.match(/\d+/);answer_ids.push(s),answers_hash[s]=e}),e.has_more||(more_answers=!1),comment_page=1,getComments()}})}function getComments(){jQuery.ajax({url:commentUrl(comment_page++,answer_ids),method:"get",dataType:"jsonp",crossDomain:!0,success:function(e){e.items.forEach(function(e){e.owner.user_id===OVERRIDE_USER&&answers_hash[e.post_id].comments.push(e)}),e.has_more?getComments():more_answers?getAnswers():process()}})}function getAuthorName(e){return e.owner.display_name}function process(){var e=[];answers.forEach(function(s){var r=s.body;s.comments.forEach(function(e){OVERRIDE_REG.test(e.body)&&(r="<h1>"+e.body.replace(OVERRIDE_REG,"")+"</h1>")});var a=r.match(SCORE_REG);a&&e.push({user:getAuthorName(s),size:+a[2],language:a[1],link:s.share_link})}),e.sort(function(e,s){var r=e.size,a=s.size;return r-a});var s={},r=1,a=null,n=1;e.forEach(function(e){e.size!=a&&(n=r),a=e.size,++r;var t=jQuery("#answer-template").html();t=t.replace("{{PLACE}}",n+".").replace("{{NAME}}",e.user).replace("{{LANGUAGE}}",e.language).replace("{{SIZE}}",e.size).replace("{{LINK}}",e.link),t=jQuery(t),jQuery("#answers").append(t);var o=e.language;/<a/.test(o)&&(o=jQuery(o).text()),s[o]=s[o]||{lang:e.language,user:e.user,size:e.size,link:e.link}});var t=[];for(var o in s)s.hasOwnProperty(o)&&t.push(s[o]);t.sort(function(e,s){return e.lang>s.lang?1:e.lang<s.lang?-1:0});for(var c=0;c<t.length;++c){var i=jQuery("#language-template").html(),o=t[c];i=i.replace("{{LANGUAGE}}",o.lang).replace("{{NAME}}",o.user).replace("{{SIZE}}",o.size).replace("{{LINK}}",o.link),i=jQuery(i),jQuery("#languages").append(i)}}var ANSWER_FILTER="!t)IWYnsLAZle2tQ3KqrVveCRJfxcRLe",COMMENT_FILTER="!)Q2B_A2kjfAiU78X(md6BoYk",answers=[],answers_hash,answer_ids,answer_page=1,more_answers=!0,comment_page;getAnswers();var SCORE_REG=/<h\d>\s*([^\n,]*[^\s,]),.*?(\d+)(?=[^\n\d<>]*(?:<(?:s>[^\n<>]*<\/s>|[^\n<>]+>)[^\n\d<>]*)*<\/h\d>)/,OVERRIDE_REG=/^Override\s*header:\s*/i;
body{text-align:left!important}#answer-list,#language-list{padding:10px;width:290px;float:left}table thead{font-weight:700}table td{padding:5px}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.sstatic.net/codegolf/all.css?v=83c949450c8b"> <div id="answer-list"> <h2>Leaderboard</h2> <table class="answer-list"> <thead> <tr><td></td><td>Author</td><td>Language</td><td>Size</td></tr></thead> <tbody id="answers"> </tbody> </table> </div><div id="language-list"> <h2>Winners by Language</h2> <table class="language-list"> <thead> <tr><td>Language</td><td>User</td><td>Score</td></tr></thead> <tbody id="languages"> </tbody> </table> </div><table style="display: none"> <tbody id="answer-template"> <tr><td>{{PLACE}}</td><td>{{NAME}}</td><td>{{LANGUAGE}}</td><td>{{SIZE}}</td><td><a href="{{LINK}}">Link</a></td></tr></tbody> </table> <table style="display: none"> <tbody id="language-template"> <tr><td>{{LANGUAGE}}</td><td>{{NAME}}</td><td>{{SIZE}}</td><td><a href="{{LINK}}">Link</a></td></tr></tbody> </table>

## Golfscript - 24 chars

-1%{2+0!:0)*109%+}*10%8=


Explanation:

1. -1% reverses the string
2. { begins a block (which we use as a loop). Each character in the strings is pushed as it's ascii value.
1. 2+ adds 2. (the ascii value of a digit is 48+n, so we have 50+n now and the last digit is n)
2. 0!:0 inverts the value of 0 and stores it (everything is a variable), so we have 1 on the first iteration, 0 on the second, etc.
3. )* adds one to this value and multiplies it, so we multiply by 2, then 1, then 2, etc.
4. 109% is remainder modulo 109. This affects only values 5-9 which have been doubled and reduces them to the correct value.
5. + adds this value to the running sum
3. }* ends the block and does a 'fold' operation. First, the first character is pushed (since we have reversed, this is the check digit). Then, alternate pushing and executing the block. Thus, we are using the first character's ascii value as the starting value for the running sum.
4. 10% takes the remainder modulo 10.
5. 8= will return 1 if the value is 8. We use this because we did not normalize the first pushed character (the check digit).

One might think that we could use 8- instead of 2+ to save a character by changing 109% to 89%, except then we would need to add a space so the - is subtraction (instead of -0).

## GolfScript, 44 chars

-1%{16%}%2/1,\+{(\.{0=2*.9>9*-+}{;}if+}*10%!


Selected commentary

Interestingly, the first two items below demonstrate three completely different uses of the % operator: array selection, map, and mod. Most GolfScript operators are "context-sensitive", giving them hugely divergent behaviours depending on what types the arguments are.

1. -1% reverses the string. This is important as the digit pairs are counted from the right.
2. {16%}% converts all the ASCII digits into numbers, by modding them with 16.
3. 2/ splits the array into groups of 2.
4. 1, is a cheap way to do [0].
5. \+ effectively prepends the 0 to the digits array. It does this by swapping then concatenating.

The 0 is prepended in preparation for the fold that comes in next. Rather than taking an explicit initial value, GolfScript's fold uses the first item in the array as the initial value.

Now, let's look at the actual fold function. This function takes two arguments: the folded value, and the current item on the array (which in this case will be an array of 2 or (uncommonly) 1, because of the 2/ earlier). Let's assume the arguments are 1 [2 3].

1. (\. splits out the leftmost array element, moves the remaining array to the front, then copies it. Stack now looks like: 1 2 [3] [3].
2. The if checks if the array is empty (which is the case for the last group when dealing with an odd-sized account number). If so, then no special processing happens (just pop off the empty array).
3. For an even group:
1. 0= grabs the first (only, in this case) element of the array. 1 2 3
2. 2* doubles the number. 1 2 6
3. .9>9*- subtracts 9 from the number if it's greater than 9. Implemented as: copy the number, compare with 9, multiply the result (which is either 0 or 1) with 9, then subtract. 1 2 6
4. + finally adds that to the first number. 1 8
4. + (after the if) adds the result of the if to the original value, resulting in the new folded value.

After the folding completes, we simply mod with 10 (10%), and negate the result (!), so that we return 1 iff the sum is a multiple of 10.

• This seems to return 0 for the example number on wikipedia (49927398716) – gnibbler Feb 1 '11 at 10:51
• nm. I forgot to use echo -n – gnibbler Feb 1 '11 at 11:49
• @gnibbler: Haha, fail. :-P (Seriously, I got stung by that one too, in my initial testing.) – Chris Jester-Young Feb 1 '11 at 13:06
• A few places to save a few easy characters here. -1% 2/ can be combined into -2/. 1, can be replaced with 0 (0 is coerced to an array, then + is concatenate). 9>9*- can be replaced with 9>+ (since we're only concerned with the last digit). Also, the checking for odd lengths is a bit long, using .,2%,\+ is shorter. After doing this, we can also change {16%}% and (\0= into {16}/ (inside the loop). Once you've done all that, it'll look something like this: .,2%,\+-2/0\+{{16%}/2*.9>+++}*10%!. – Nabb Feb 2 '11 at 17:15
• @Nabb: Thanks! I'll incorporate those into my solution, although it looks like you already have one that's kicking serious arse. :-) – Chris Jester-Young Feb 2 '11 at 17:40

## Python, 73 69 characters

def P(x):D=map(int,x);return sum(D+[d-d/5*9for d in D[-2::-2]])%10==0

• You can save two more chars by not looping backwards : D[-2::-2] -> D[1::2] as the order of a sum isn't important :) – ThinkChaos Feb 1 '14 at 23:14
• ==0 can be shortened to <1 – Black Owl Kai Mar 23 '19 at 10:54

# Python 3, 77 bytes

c=lambda a:sum(sum(divmod(int(a[-e-1])<<e%2,10))for e in range(len(a)))%10==0


C# 119 characters:

bool l(string n){return(String.Join("",n.Reverse().Select((x,i)=>(x-48)*(i%2<1?1:2)+"").ToArray()).Sum(x=>x-48))%10<1;}


Not too bad for a code golf n00b in a statically typed language, I hope.

This can be reduced to 100:

bool l(string n){return String.Join("",n.Reverse().Select((x,i)=>(x-48)*(i%2+1))).Sum(x=>x+2)%10<1;}

• It's a good idea, and an interesting approach, but it doesn't appear to work. At least not with my few tests. It looks like the "i" in your first lambda is supposed to be the index of the character in the string. Does that work as it should? If so, why do you reverse the string only to then modify it based on index position? Seems a bit redundant, no? – Nellius Feb 1 '11 at 23:48
• I only tested one of my credit cards and a few off by one errors from it TBH. (Using the VS 2008 debugger) The algorithm is supposed to double every second digit starting with the LAST digit. If I didn't reverse the string, it would be incorrect for strings with odd lengths. – mootinator Feb 2 '11 at 1:37
• Turns out I did have the result of i%2<1?1:2 backwards. Thanks. – mootinator Feb 2 '11 at 1:59

## Golfscript - 34 chars

{15&}%.-2%\);-2%{.+(9%)}%+{+}*10%!


{15&}%  does a bitwise and of each ascii digit with 00001111
now I have a list of digits
[4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6]
.       makes a copy of the list, now I have two identical lists
[4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6] [4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6]
-2%     like [::-2] in python takes every second element in reverse
[4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6] [6 7 9 7 9 4]
\       swap the two lists around
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6]
);      drop the last digit off the list
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1]
-2%     same as before
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [1 8 3 2 9]
{       for each item in the list ...
.+      ... double it ...
(       ... subtract 1 ...
9%      ... mod 9 ...
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [2 7 6 4 9]
+       join the two lists
[6 7 9 7 9 4 2 7 6 4 9]
70
10%     mod 10
0
!       invert the result
1

• The .+(9%) is very innovative (for me, anyway). I like! +1 – Chris Jester-Young Feb 1 '11 at 13:09
• Srsly though, GolfScript needs a partitioning operator, so you don't need to do this "drop end item off and repeat" nonsense. :-) – Chris Jester-Young Feb 1 '11 at 13:14
• @Chris, I learned about that many years ago called "casting out nines". It is a neat way to double check longhand additions and multiplications – gnibbler Feb 1 '11 at 13:22
• This won't work for a value of 0 being doubled (0(9%) is 9 and not 0). – Nabb Feb 2 '11 at 16:59

# PHP, 108 bytes

<?function v($s,$t=0){for($i=strlen($s);$i>=0;$i--,$c=$s[$i])$t+=$c+$i%2*(($c>4)*-4+$c%5);return!($t % 10);}  ## Ruby - 85 characters def f s l=s.size s.chars.map{|k|(i=k.to_i*((l-=1)%2+1))%10+i/10}.inject(:+)%10==0 end  • You probably know about this, but you could do .sum instead of .inject(:+) to save 7 bytes – Håvard Nygård Feb 1 '18 at 18:58 # Haskell, 96 bytes There must be a better/shorter way, but here's my Haskell solution in 96 characters: l=(==0).(mod10).sum.zipWith($)(cycle[id,\x->xmod5*2+xdiv5]).reverse.map((+(-48)).fromEnum)


Sadly the digitToInt function can only be used if you import Data.Char first. Otherwise I could get down to 88 characters by replacing ((+(-48)).fromEnum) with  digitToInt.

filter f{!((''+($_[($_.length)..0]|%{+"$_"*($i++%2+1)})-replace'.','+$&'|iex)%10)}  History: • 2011-02-13 03:08 (84) First attempt. • 2011-02-13 12:13 (82) I don't need to join, as spaces do not hurt. +1 + +3 can still be evaluated. # Q, 63 {0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}  usage q){0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}"79927398711" 0b q){0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}"79927398712" 0b q){0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}"79927398713" 1b  • 47 bytes with {0=mod[sum"J"$raze($)($)x*#:[x]#1 2]10}"I"$'(|) a different way to double the odd indices. – streetster Oct 21 '17 at 23:21 # D, 144 bytes bool f(S)(S s){int t(C)(C c){return to!int(c)-'0';}int n,v;foreach(i,c;array(retro(s))){v=i&1?t(c)*2:t(c);n+=v>=10?v%10+v/10:v;}return n%10==0;}  More legibly: bool f(S)(S s) { int t(C)(C c) { return to!int(c) - '0'; } int n, v; foreach(i, c; array(retro(s))) { v = i & 1 ? t(c) * 2 : t(c); n += v >= 10 ? v % 10 + v / 10 : v; } return n % 10 == 0; }  # APL, 28 bytes {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨v×⌽2-2|⍳⍴v←⍎¨⍵}  Exploded view { v←⍎¨⍵} ⍝ turn the string into a numeric vector of its digits, v 2-2|⍳⍴v ⍝ make a vector of the same length, with 2 in every 2nd place v×⌽ ⍝ multiply it with v, starting from the right ∊⍕¨ ⍝ turn each component into a string and collect all the digits +/⍎¨ ⍝ turn each digit again into a number and sum them 0=10| ⍝ check whether the sum is a multiple of 10  Examples  {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨v×⌽2-2|⍳⍴v←⍎¨⍵} '79927398713' 1 {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨v×⌽2-2|⍳⍴v←⍎¨⍵} '123456789' 0  • -2: {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨⍵×⌽2-2|⍳⍴⍵}⍎¨ – Adám Mar 30 '17 at 12:47 ## PowerShell 123 filter L($x){$l=$x.Length-1;$l..0|%{$d=$x[$_]-48;if($_%2-eq$l%2){$s+=$d}elseif($d-le4){$s+=$d*2}else{$s+=$d*2-9}};!($s%10)}


# Perl, 4642 41 bytes

Includes +1 for -p

Give input on STDIN:

luhn.pl <<< 79927398713


luhn.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl -p
s%.%$=-=-$&-$&*1.2*/\G(..)+$/%eg;$_=/0$/

• Can you please explain how this works? You seem to be decrementing by the match and then also by the match times 1.2 but only in the correct positions. Why 1.2? Shouldn't it be $=-=-$&-$&*/\G(..)+$/? – msh210 Apr 22 '16 at 21:33
• @msh210: It encodes the effect of the multiplication by 2. 0..4 * 2 gives 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 but 5..9 gives 10,12,14,16,18 which sum to 1 3 5 7 9 which have the same last digits as 11 13 15 17 19 which are the same values as 0..9 * 2.2 if you truncate to integer. The first $& already contributes a factor 1, so a correction by 1.2 is still needed. $= can only hold integers and starts with a value that ends on 0 so takes care of the truncating. The negative values are needed since the /\G/ regex changes any & still on the evaluation stack so they need to be changed – Ton Hospel Apr 22 '16 at 21:58 • Oh. Brilliant! And thanks for the explanation. – msh210 Apr 22 '16 at 22:57 # 05AB1E, 12 10 bytes RSāÈ>*SOTÖ  Try it online! or as a Test Suite Explanation R # reverse input S # split to list of digits ā # push range[1 ... len(input)] È # map isEven on each > # increment * # multiply doubling every other item SO # sum digits TÖ # mod 10 == 0  # x86-16 machine code, 27 bytes Binary: 00000000: bb00 0103 f1fd ac2c 30f6 df78 06d0 e0d4 .......,0..x.... 00000010: 0a02 dc02 d8e2 ef93 d40a c3 ...........  Listing: BB 0100 MOV BX, 100H ; running sum (BL) to 0, BH to a positive value 03 F1 ADD SI, CX ; start at end of input string FD STD ; set LODSB direction to decrement DIGIT_LOOP: AC LODSB ; load next digit into AL, decrement SI 2C 30 SUB AL, '0' ; convert ASCII char to binary value F6 DF NEG BH ; flip sign of BH to alternate odd/even index 78 06 JS IS_EVEN ; if not odd index, do not double D0 E0 SHL AL, 1 ; double the value D4 0A AAM ; split digits (ex: 18 --> AH = 1, AL = 8) 02 DC ADD BL, AH ; add tens digit to running sum IS_EVEN: 02 D8 ADD BL, AL ; add ones digit to running sum E2 EF LOOP DIGIT_LOOP 93 XCHG AX, BX ; sum is in BL, move to AL for mod 10 check D4 0A AAM ; ZF = ( AL % 10 == 0 ) C3 RET ; return to caller  Uses (abuses) x86's BCD-to-binary instruction AAM to handle the individual digit splitting and modulo 10 check. Callable function, input card num string pointer in SI, length in CX. Output: ZF if valid. Example test program output: ## Alternate version, 29 bytes 33 DB XOR BX, BX ; running sum (BL) to 0 03 F1 ADD SI, CX ; start at end of string 4E DEC SI ; align for WORD FD STD ; set LODSB direction to decrement DIGIT_LOOP: AD LODSW ; load next two digits into AH:AL, dec SI by 2 25 0F0F AND AX, 0F0FH ; convert ASCII chars to binary value 02 DC ADD BL, AH ; add ones digit of even index to sum 49 DEC CX ; decrement counter for WORD 74 0A JZ DONE ; if input is odd length, will be 0 at the end D0 E0 SHL AL, 1 ; double the value D4 0A AAM ; split digits (ex: 18 --> AH = 1, AL = 8) 02 DC ADD BL, AH ; add tens digit to sum 02 D8 ADD BL, AL ; add ones digit to sum E2 ED LOOP DIGIT_LOOP DONE: 93 XCHG AX, BX ; move sum to AL for mod 10 check D4 0A AAM ; ZF = ( AL % 10 == 0 ) C3 RET ; return to caller  This version loads two digits at the same time, eliminating the flip/flop branch. The issue here is having to check for an odd number of digits on the input and discard the value in memory right before the beginning of the string once it reaches the last word. Obviously not shorter, but perhaps someone clever can golf it more! • I haven't spent very long staring at this, but... Why do you need to iterate through the string backwards? If you iterated forwards, it seems like you'd get the same result, but be able to shave off those initial 3 bytes (setting SI and the direction flag [which you can assume is always clear]). – Cody Gray Jan 13 at 1:40 • @CodyGray IIRC I think it has to do with having an odd number of digits, and the LUHN algorithm expecting you to operate on the last digits first. Maybe I should take another look though... – 640KB Jan 13 at 1:57 • Yeah, I realize it's an old answer. The Luhn algorithm was brought up in a chat room earlier, so I was considering it, dreaming of it in x86 asm. I decided to check Code Golf, and sure enough, it was already here. With a pretty solid-looking x86 asm answer. Thus, I immediately set out to nitpick. ;-) We were specifically discussing whether it is necessary to iterate backwards. The reference implementation in pseudocode on Wikipedia doesn't appear to go backwards. Didn't even notice about the missing ret though. Would take some effort to clean up, probably more than it's worth. – Cody Gray Jan 13 at 4:58 • @CodyGray my quick reading of the Wiki implementation, it seems to first determine if the number of digits is odd or even (parity := nDigits modulus 2) and then checks every time through the loop if that index corresponds to a relative odd or even index (if i modulus 2 = parity). Maybe that could be golfed, though I tend to think the 3 bytes to start from the end isn't too bad. Also, it looks like I'm going to have to take a +4 bytes penalty to get this submission up to spec with the rules. I guess I didn't quite understand them when I wrote this one. :) – 640KB Jan 13 at 14:16 • @CodyGray I played with the idea of iterating forwards using the Wiki-inspired if ( originalCx & 1 == currentCx & 1 ) then..., but got a bit fiddly in ASM and was longer for me. Then I tried loading two bytes at a time (while still going backwards) and got it down to +2 bytes longer than the original. Posted it anyway in case it inspires another idea. Would love to see the answer you "dreamed" up too! :) – 640KB Jan 13 at 18:36 # JavaScript (ES6), 61 bytes Non-competing, as JavaScript was very different in 2011. Sum of digits of 2*n is 2*n if n in 0..4, 2*n-9 if n in 5..9. That said, all the sum can be computed in one step. s=>!([...s].reduceRight((t,d)=>t-d-i++%2*(d>4?d-9:d),i=0)%10)  # Jelly, 1211 9 bytes ṚḤÐeDFS⁵ḍ  Try it online! ## How it works ṚḤÐeDFS⁵ḍ - Main link. Takes an integer n on the left Ṛ - Cast n to digits and reverse Ðe - To values at even indices: Ḥ - Unhalve; Double D - Cast to digits F - Flatten S - Sum ḍ - Divisible by: ⁵ - 10?  ### Scala: 132 def q(x:Int)=x%10+x/10 def c(i:String)={val s=i.reverse (s(0)-48)==10-(s.tail.sliding(2,2).map(n=>(q((n(0)-48)*2)+n(1)-48)).sum%10)}  invocation: c("79927398713")  • reverse ("79927398713") = 31789372997 • s(0), s.tail: (3)(1789372997) • sliding (2,2) = (17 89 37 29 97) • map (q((n(0)-48*2 + n(1)-48)) => q(('1'-'0')*2)+ '7'-'0')=1*2+7 ## JavaScript 1.8: 106 characters This is an original solution I came up with before I found this post: function(n){return!(n.split('').reverse().reduce(function(p,c,i){return(+c&&((c*(1+i%2)%9)||9))+p},0)%10)}  Readable form: function luhnCheck(ccNum) { return !( // True if the result is zero. ccNum.split(''). reverse(). // Iterate over the string from rtl. reduce(function(prev, cur, idx) { return prev + // Sum the results of each character. (+cur && // If the current digit is 0, move on. ((cur * (1 + idx % 2) // Double cur at even indices. % 9) || 9)); // Sum the digits of the result. }, 0) % 10); // Is the sum evenly divisible by 10? }  # K4, 35 bytes {~.*|+/.:',/$x*1+1{y;~x}\|x:|.:'x}  ## Retina, 43 42 bytes Retina is (much) newer than this challenge.  ; r(.);.$1$& \d$*
1+
$.& .$*
._
0$ The leading empty line is significant. Prints 0 for falsy and 1 for truthy results. Try it online! (Slightly modified to run all test cases at once.) ### Explanation  ; Insert ; in every position to separate digits. r(.);.$1$&  From the right, we repeatedly match two digits and double the left one. This way we avoid an expensive reversing of the list. \d$*


We match each digit and convert it to that many 1s (that is, we convert each digit to unary).

1+
$.&  This matches each unary number and converts it back to decimal by replacing it with its length. Together with the previous stage, this adds the doubled digits. .$*


Again, we match every character and turn it into that many 1s. That is we convert each digit individually back to unary. This also matches the ; separators, which are treated as zeros in the conversion, which means they're simply removed. Since all the unary numbers are now squashed together we've automatically added the unary representations of the all digits together.

._


At the end, we insert the length of the entire string, i.e. the decimal representation of the unary checksum.

0$ Finally we count the number of matches of this regex, i.e. we check whether the decimal representation ends in 0, printing 0 or 1 accordingly. # Powershell, 74 bytes param($s)$s[$s.Length..0]|%{(1+$i++%2)*"$_"}|%{$r+=$_-9*($_-gt9)} !($r%10)


## Explanation

1. for each char of an argument string, in reverse order
2. get a digit of double value of a digit
3. a double value of a digit can not be greater then 18. Therefore, we accumulate a value minus 9 if value > 9
4. return true if the remainder of the division by 10 is 0

## Test script

$f = { param($s)$s[$s.Length..0]|%{(1+$i++%2)*"$_"}|%{$r+=$_-9*($_-gt9)} !($r%10)

}

@(
,("49927398716"      , $True) ,("49927398717" ,$False)
,("1234567812345670" , $True) ,("1234567812345678" ,$False)
,("79927398710"      , $False) ,("79927398711" ,$False)
,("79927398712"      , $False) ,("79927398713" ,$True)
,("79927398714"      , $False) ,("79927398715" ,$False)
,("79927398716"      , $False) ,("79927398717" ,$False)
,("79927398718"      , $False) ,("79927398719" ,$False)
,("374652346956782346957823694857692364857368475368" , $True) ,("374652346956782346957823694857692364857387456834" ,$False)
,("8" , $False) ,("0" ,$True)
) | % {
$s,$expected = $_$result = &$f$s
"$($result-eq$expected):$result : $s" }  ## Output True: True : 49927398716 True: False : 49927398717 True: True : 1234567812345670 True: False : 1234567812345678 True: False : 79927398710 True: False : 79927398711 True: False : 79927398712 True: True : 79927398713 True: False : 79927398714 True: False : 79927398715 True: False : 79927398716 True: False : 79927398717 True: False : 79927398718 True: False : 79927398719 True: True : 374652346956782346957823694857692364857368475368 True: False : 374652346956782346957823694857692364857387456834 True: False : 8 True: True : 0  # GolfScript, 31 bytes .,2%0\@{48-..4>+@!:a*++a}/;10%!  Try it online! Golfscript pushes the input as a list of characters to the stack at the start of the program. . Duplicate the top of the stack (input) ,2% Compute the modulo 2 of the length of the input, pushed 1/0 on the stack if the number if odd/even 0 Push an accumulater var on the stack, set to 0 \ Flip the even/odd and accumulator order on the stack @ Bring the 3rd entry forward, input to the top { } Code block... / Apply the block of code to the elements of the list at the top of the stack. Each time through the loop, the next element from the list if pushed to the top of the stack 48- Subtract "0" from the top of stack (which is a codepoint for the current digit/character) .. Duplicate the top of stack (the current digit) twice 4>+ If the current digit is >4 add one to the digit @ Pull the 3rd entry, the even/odd indicator, to the top !:a Flip the value and save in variable "a" * Multiple the top two stack entries, will be "0" or the value of current digit, with or without "1" more for the "+10" rule ++ Add the current digit, to the possible "double" and "even/odd" bump a Push the flipped even/odd indicated to the top ; Drop the stop of stack, the even/odd indicator 10% Find the modulo 10 of the accumulated digits ! Invert the result  The only thing on the stack is the answer, which is printed by default # Haskell: 97 For some reason this isn't working for me, so here is my version l=(\x->(==0)$(mod10).sum$zipWith($)(cycle[id,sum.map(read.(:"")).show.(*2)])(map(read.(:""))x))


# GNU sed, 140 bytes

(including +1 for the -r flag)

s/^(..)*.$/0&/ s/(.)./\1x&/g s/x[5-9]/1&/g s/[0x]//g s/[789]/&6/g s/[456]/&3/g s/[369]/&11/g s/[258]/&1/g s/.{10}//g s/.+/false/ s/^$/true/


Sed is almost never the most natural language for arithmetic, but here we go:

#!/bin/sed -rf

s/^(..)*.$/0&/ # double every other digit s/(.)./\1x&/g # add carry (converts mod-9 to mod-10) s/x[5-9]/1&/g # convert sum to unary s/[0x]//g s/[789]/&6/g s/[456]/&3/g s/[369]/&11/g s/[258]/&1/g # remove whole tens s/.{10}//g # output 'true' or false s/.+/false/ s/^$/true/


# APL, 38 bytes

d←10∘⊥⍣¯1⋄{0=10|+/+/d x×1+~2|⍳⍴x←⌽d ⍵}


expects the number as a number, not a string, but that's only because tryAPL (understandably) doesn't implement ⍎

further reducible, i'm sure…

## PHP - 136 characters

function t($c){foreach($a=str_split(strrev($c)) as$k=>&$v){$v=array_sum(str_split(($k % 2)!==0?2*$v:$v));}return !(array_sum($a)% 10);}


# MATL, 23 20 bytes (non competing)

P!Utn:2X\!*t9>+s10\~


Try it online!

Outputs 1 for a valid number, 0 otherwise.

Saved three bytes thanks to Luis Mendo's suggestions.

## Explanation

P       % flip the order of elements
!       % transpose into column vector
U       % convert char matrix to numeric
t       % duplicate the vector
n       % find the length
:       % create a new vector length n (1, 2, 3, ... n)
2       % number literal
X\      % take it mod 2, to make the new vector (1, 2, 1, ..., (n-1) mod 2 +1)
!       % transpose
*       % element-wise product
t       % duplicate
9       % push 9
>       % 1 if it is greater than 9
+       % add the vectors, this makes the last digit of each the same as the sum of the digits