# The Luhn algorithm for verifying credit card numbers, etc

### Challenge

Write the shortest program or function to calculate the Luhn Algorithm for verifying (credit card) numbers.

### Luhn algorithm explained

From RosettaCode, this algorithm for the purposes of this challenge is specified as such, with the example input of 49927398716:

Reverse the digits, make an array:
6, 1, 7, 8, 9, 3, 7, 2, 9, 9, 4
Double the numbers in odd indexes:
6, 2, 7, 16, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 18, 4
Sum the digits in each number:
6, 2, 7, 7, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 9, 4
Sum all of the numbers:
6 + 2 + 7 + 7 + 9 + 6 + 7 + 4 + 9 + 9 + 4 = 70
If the sum modulo 10 is 0, then the number is valid:
70 % 10 = 0 => valid


### IO Rules

Input: A string or number (your choice), in your language's input/output format of choice

Output: A truthy or falsy value, respectively, indicating whether or not the input is valid according to the test above.

### Notes / Tips

• Try not to accidentally post your own credit card or account numbers, if you use them to test :)

• If the input is invalid and impossible to process with the specified algorithm (i.e, too short to work with), you can do whatever you want, including blow up my computer.

• However, the previous bullet does not mean that your language can do whatever it wants with Numbers that are too large for it to handle. If your language isn't capable of handling a test case, then consider taking a string as input.

### Examples

The following examples were validated with this Python script; if you think one is wrong or have a question, just ping @cat.

49927398716      True
49927398717      False
1234567812345670 True
1234567812345678 False
79927398710      False
79927398711      False
79927398712      False
79927398713      True
79927398714      False
79927398715      False
79927398716      False
79927398717      False
79927398718      False
79927398719      False
374652346956782346957823694857692364857368475368 True
374652346956782346957823694857692364857387456834 False
8 False **
0 True  **


** according to the Python implementation, but you may do anything because these are too short to be eligible by a strict adherence to the specification.

If any of the above invalidates existing answers (though I believe that should not be possible), then those answers are stil valid. However, new answers, in order to be valid, should follow the specification above.

var QUESTION_ID=22,OVERRIDE_USER=73772;function answersUrl(e){return"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions/"+QUESTION_ID+"/answers?page="+e+"&pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&site=codegolf&filter="+ANSWER_FILTER}function commentUrl(e,s){return"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/answers/"+s.join(";")+"/comments?page="+e+"&pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&site=codegolf&filter="+COMMENT_FILTER}function getAnswers(){jQuery.ajax({url:answersUrl(answer_page++),method:"get",dataType:"jsonp",crossDomain:!0,success:function(e){answers.push.apply(answers,e.items),answers_hash=[],answer_ids=[],e.items.forEach(function(e){e.comments=[];var s=+e.share_link.match(/\d+/);answer_ids.push(s),answers_hash[s]=e}),e.has_more||(more_answers=!1),comment_page=1,getComments()}})}function getComments(){jQuery.ajax({url:commentUrl(comment_page++,answer_ids),method:"get",dataType:"jsonp",crossDomain:!0,success:function(e){e.items.forEach(function(e){e.owner.user_id===OVERRIDE_USER&&answers_hash[e.post_id].comments.push(e)}),e.has_more?getComments():more_answers?getAnswers():process()}})}function getAuthorName(e){return e.owner.display_name}function process(){var e=[];answers.forEach(function(s){var r=s.body;s.comments.forEach(function(e){OVERRIDE_REG.test(e.body)&&(r="<h1>"+e.body.replace(OVERRIDE_REG,"")+"</h1>")});var a=r.match(SCORE_REG);a&&e.push({user:getAuthorName(s),size:+a[2],language:a[1],link:s.share_link})}),e.sort(function(e,s){var r=e.size,a=s.size;return r-a});var s={},r=1,a=null,n=1;e.forEach(function(e){e.size!=a&&(n=r),a=e.size,++r;var t=jQuery("#answer-template").html();t=t.replace("{{PLACE}}",n+".").replace("{{NAME}}",e.user).replace("{{LANGUAGE}}",e.language).replace("{{SIZE}}",e.size).replace("{{LINK}}",e.link),t=jQuery(t),jQuery("#answers").append(t);var o=e.language;/<a/.test(o)&&(o=jQuery(o).text()),s[o]=s[o]||{lang:e.language,user:e.user,size:e.size,link:e.link}});var t=[];for(var o in s)s.hasOwnProperty(o)&&t.push(s[o]);t.sort(function(e,s){return e.lang>s.lang?1:e.lang<s.lang?-1:0});for(var c=0;c<t.length;++c){var i=jQuery("#language-template").html(),o=t[c];i=i.replace("{{LANGUAGE}}",o.lang).replace("{{NAME}}",o.user).replace("{{SIZE}}",o.size).replace("{{LINK}}",o.link),i=jQuery(i),jQuery("#languages").append(i)}}var ANSWER_FILTER="!t)IWYnsLAZle2tQ3KqrVveCRJfxcRLe",COMMENT_FILTER="!)Q2B_A2kjfAiU78X(md6BoYk",answers=[],answers_hash,answer_ids,answer_page=1,more_answers=!0,comment_page;getAnswers();var SCORE_REG=/<h\d>\s*([^\n,]*[^\s,]),.*?(\d+)(?=[^\n\d<>]*(?:<(?:s>[^\n<>]*<\/s>|[^\n<>]+>)[^\n\d<>]*)*<\/h\d>)/,OVERRIDE_REG=/^Override\s*header:\s*/i;
body{text-align:left!important}#answer-list,#language-list{padding:10px;width:290px;float:left}table thead{font-weight:700}table td{padding:5px}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.sstatic.net/codegolf/all.css?v=83c949450c8b"> <div id="answer-list"> <h2>Leaderboard</h2> <table class="answer-list"> <thead> <tr><td></td><td>Author</td><td>Language</td><td>Size</td></tr></thead> <tbody id="answers"> </tbody> </table> </div><div id="language-list"> <h2>Winners by Language</h2> <table class="language-list"> <thead> <tr><td>Language</td><td>User</td><td>Score</td></tr></thead> <tbody id="languages"> </tbody> </table> </div><table style="display: none"> <tbody id="answer-template"> <tr><td>{{PLACE}}</td><td>{{NAME}}</td><td>{{LANGUAGE}}</td><td>{{SIZE}}</td><td><a href="{{LINK}}">Link</a></td></tr></tbody> </table> <table style="display: none"> <tbody id="language-template"> <tr><td>{{LANGUAGE}}</td><td>{{NAME}}</td><td>{{SIZE}}</td><td><a href="{{LINK}}">Link</a></td></tr></tbody> </table>

## Golfscript - 24 chars

-1%{2+0!:0)*109%+}*10%8=


Explanation:

1. -1% reverses the string
2. { begins a block (which we use as a loop). Each character in the strings is pushed as it's ascii value.
1. 2+ adds 2. (the ascii value of a digit is 48+n, so we have 50+n now and the last digit is n)
2. 0!:0 inverts the value of 0 and stores it (everything is a variable), so we have 1 on the first iteration, 0 on the second, etc.
3. )* adds one to this value and multiplies it, so we multiply by 2, then 1, then 2, etc.
4. 109% is remainder modulo 109. This affects only values 5-9 which have been doubled and reduces them to the correct value.
5. + adds this value to the running sum
3. }* ends the block and does a 'fold' operation. First, the first character is pushed (since we have reversed, this is the check digit). Then, alternate pushing and executing the block. Thus, we are using the first character's ascii value as the starting value for the running sum.
4. 10% takes the remainder modulo 10.
5. 8= will return 1 if the value is 8. We use this because we did not normalize the first pushed character (the check digit).

One might think that we could use 8- instead of 2+ to save a character by changing 109% to 89%, except then we would need to add a space so the - is subtraction (instead of -0).

## GolfScript, 44 chars

-1%{16%}%2/1,\+{(\.{0=2*.9>9*-+}{;}if+}*10%!


Selected commentary

Interestingly, the first two items below demonstrate three completely different uses of the % operator: array selection, map, and mod. Most GolfScript operators are "context-sensitive", giving them hugely divergent behaviours depending on what types the arguments are.

1. -1% reverses the string. This is important as the digit pairs are counted from the right.
2. {16%}% converts all the ASCII digits into numbers, by modding them with 16.
3. 2/ splits the array into groups of 2.
4. 1, is a cheap way to do [0].
5. \+ effectively prepends the 0 to the digits array. It does this by swapping then concatenating.

The 0 is prepended in preparation for the fold that comes in next. Rather than taking an explicit initial value, GolfScript's fold uses the first item in the array as the initial value.

Now, let's look at the actual fold function. This function takes two arguments: the folded value, and the current item on the array (which in this case will be an array of 2 or (uncommonly) 1, because of the 2/ earlier). Let's assume the arguments are 1 [2 3].

1. (\. splits out the leftmost array element, moves the remaining array to the front, then copies it. Stack now looks like: 1 2 [3] [3].
2. The if checks if the array is empty (which is the case for the last group when dealing with an odd-sized account number). If so, then no special processing happens (just pop off the empty array).
3. For an even group:
1. 0= grabs the first (only, in this case) element of the array. 1 2 3
2. 2* doubles the number. 1 2 6
3. .9>9*- subtracts 9 from the number if it's greater than 9. Implemented as: copy the number, compare with 9, multiply the result (which is either 0 or 1) with 9, then subtract. 1 2 6
4. + finally adds that to the first number. 1 8
4. + (after the if) adds the result of the if to the original value, resulting in the new folded value.

After the folding completes, we simply mod with 10 (10%), and negate the result (!), so that we return 1 iff the sum is a multiple of 10.

• This seems to return 0 for the example number on wikipedia (49927398716) – gnibbler Feb 1 '11 at 10:51
• nm. I forgot to use echo -n – gnibbler Feb 1 '11 at 11:49
• @gnibbler: Haha, fail. :-P (Seriously, I got stung by that one too, in my initial testing.) – Chris Jester-Young Feb 1 '11 at 13:06
• A few places to save a few easy characters here. -1% 2/ can be combined into -2/. 1, can be replaced with 0 (0 is coerced to an array, then + is concatenate). 9>9*- can be replaced with 9>+ (since we're only concerned with the last digit). Also, the checking for odd lengths is a bit long, using .,2%,\+ is shorter. After doing this, we can also change {16%}% and (\0= into {16}/ (inside the loop). Once you've done all that, it'll look something like this: .,2%,\+-2/0\+{{16%}/2*.9>+++}*10%!. – Nabb Feb 2 '11 at 17:15
• @Nabb: Thanks! I'll incorporate those into my solution, although it looks like you already have one that's kicking serious arse. :-) – Chris Jester-Young Feb 2 '11 at 17:40

## Python, 73 69 characters

def P(x):D=map(int,x);return sum(D+[d-d/5*9for d in D[-2::-2]])%10==0

• You can save two more chars by not looping backwards : D[-2::-2] -> D[1::2] as the order of a sum isn't important :) – ThinkChaos Feb 1 '14 at 23:14
• ==0 can be shortened to <1 – Black Owl Kai Mar 23 '19 at 10:54

# Python 3, 77 bytes

c=lambda a:sum(sum(divmod(int(a[-e-1])<<e%2,10))for e in range(len(a)))%10==0


C# 119 characters:

bool l(string n){return(String.Join("",n.Reverse().Select((x,i)=>(x-48)*(i%2<1?1:2)+"").ToArray()).Sum(x=>x-48))%10<1;}


Not too bad for a code golf n00b in a statically typed language, I hope.

This can be reduced to 100:

bool l(string n){return String.Join("",n.Reverse().Select((x,i)=>(x-48)*(i%2+1))).Sum(x=>x+2)%10<1;}

• It's a good idea, and an interesting approach, but it doesn't appear to work. At least not with my few tests. It looks like the "i" in your first lambda is supposed to be the index of the character in the string. Does that work as it should? If so, why do you reverse the string only to then modify it based on index position? Seems a bit redundant, no? – Nellius Feb 1 '11 at 23:48
• I only tested one of my credit cards and a few off by one errors from it TBH. (Using the VS 2008 debugger) The algorithm is supposed to double every second digit starting with the LAST digit. If I didn't reverse the string, it would be incorrect for strings with odd lengths. – mootinator Feb 2 '11 at 1:37
• Turns out I did have the result of i%2<1?1:2 backwards. Thanks. – mootinator Feb 2 '11 at 1:59

## Golfscript - 34 chars

{15&}%.-2%\);-2%{.+(9%)}%+{+}*10%!


{15&}%  does a bitwise and of each ascii digit with 00001111
now I have a list of digits
[4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6]
.       makes a copy of the list, now I have two identical lists
[4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6] [4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6]
-2%     like [::-2] in python takes every second element in reverse
[4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6] [6 7 9 7 9 4]
\       swap the two lists around
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1 6]
);      drop the last digit off the list
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [4 9 9 2 7 3 9 8 7 1]
-2%     same as before
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [1 8 3 2 9]
{       for each item in the list ...
.+      ... double it ...
(       ... subtract 1 ...
9%      ... mod 9 ...
[6 7 9 7 9 4] [2 7 6 4 9]
+       join the two lists
[6 7 9 7 9 4 2 7 6 4 9]
70
10%     mod 10
0
!       invert the result
1

• The .+(9%) is very innovative (for me, anyway). I like! +1 – Chris Jester-Young Feb 1 '11 at 13:09
• Srsly though, GolfScript needs a partitioning operator, so you don't need to do this "drop end item off and repeat" nonsense. :-) – Chris Jester-Young Feb 1 '11 at 13:14
• @Chris, I learned about that many years ago called "casting out nines". It is a neat way to double check longhand additions and multiplications – gnibbler Feb 1 '11 at 13:22
• This won't work for a value of 0 being doubled (0(9%) is 9 and not 0). – Nabb Feb 2 '11 at 16:59

# PHP, 108 bytes

<?function v($s,$t=0){for($i=strlen($s);$i>=0;$i--,$c=$s[$i])$t+=$c+$i%2*(($c>4)*-4+$c%5);return!($t % 10);}  ## Ruby - 85 characters def f s l=s.size s.chars.map{|k|(i=k.to_i*((l-=1)%2+1))%10+i/10}.inject(:+)%10==0 end  • You probably know about this, but you could do .sum instead of .inject(:+) to save 7 bytes – Håvard Nygård Feb 1 '18 at 18:58 # Haskell, 96 bytes There must be a better/shorter way, but here's my Haskell solution in 96 characters: l=(==0).(mod10).sum.zipWith($)(cycle[id,\x->xmod5*2+xdiv5]).reverse.map((+(-48)).fromEnum)


Sadly the digitToInt function can only be used if you import Data.Char first. Otherwise I could get down to 88 characters by replacing ((+(-48)).fromEnum) with digitToInt.

filter f{!((''+($_[($_.length)..0]|%{+"$_"*($i++%2+1)})-replace'.','+$&'|iex)%10)}  History: • 2011-02-13 03:08 (84) First attempt. • 2011-02-13 12:13 (82) I don't need to join, as spaces do not hurt. +1 + +3 can still be evaluated. # Q, 63 {0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}  usage q){0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}"79927398711" 0b q){0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}"79927398712" 0b q){0=mod[(+/)"I"$(,/)($)($)@["I"$'x;1+2*'(!)(_)((#)x)%2;*;2];10]}"79927398713" 1b  • 47 bytes with {0=mod[sum"J"$raze($)($)x*#:[x]#1 2]10}"I"$'(|) a different way to double the odd indices. – streetster Oct 21 '17 at 23:21 # D, 144 bytes bool f(S)(S s){int t(C)(C c){return to!int(c)-'0';}int n,v;foreach(i,c;array(retro(s))){v=i&1?t(c)*2:t(c);n+=v>=10?v%10+v/10:v;}return n%10==0;}  More legibly: bool f(S)(S s) { int t(C)(C c) { return to!int(c) - '0'; } int n, v; foreach(i, c; array(retro(s))) { v = i & 1 ? t(c) * 2 : t(c); n += v >= 10 ? v % 10 + v / 10 : v; } return n % 10 == 0; }  # APL, 28 bytes {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨v×⌽2-2|⍳⍴v←⍎¨⍵}  Exploded view { v←⍎¨⍵} ⍝ turn the string into a numeric vector of its digits, v 2-2|⍳⍴v ⍝ make a vector of the same length, with 2 in every 2nd place v×⌽ ⍝ multiply it with v, starting from the right ∊⍕¨ ⍝ turn each component into a string and collect all the digits +/⍎¨ ⍝ turn each digit again into a number and sum them 0=10| ⍝ check whether the sum is a multiple of 10  Examples  {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨v×⌽2-2|⍳⍴v←⍎¨⍵} '79927398713' 1 {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨v×⌽2-2|⍳⍴v←⍎¨⍵} '123456789' 0  • -2: {0=10|+/⍎¨∊⍕¨⍵×⌽2-2|⍳⍴⍵}⍎¨ – Adám Mar 30 '17 at 12:47 ## PowerShell 123 filter L($x){$l=$x.Length-1;$l..0|%{$d=$x[$_]-48;if($_%2-eq$l%2){$s+=$d}elseif($d-le4){$s+=$d*2}else{$s+=$d*2-9}};!($s%10)}


# Perl, 4642 41 bytes

Includes +1 for -p

Give input on STDIN:

luhn.pl <<< 79927398713


luhn.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl -p
s%.%$=-=-$&-$&*1.2*/\G(..)+$/%eg;$_=/0$/

• Can you please explain how this works? You seem to be decrementing by the match and then also by the match times 1.2 but only in the correct positions. Why 1.2? Shouldn't it be $=-=-$&-$&*/\G(..)+$/? – msh210 Apr 22 '16 at 21:33
• @msh210: It encodes the effect of the multiplication by 2. 0..4 * 2 gives 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 but 5..9 gives 10,12,14,16,18 which sum to 1 3 5 7 9 which have the same last digits as 11 13 15 17 19 which are the same values as 0..9 * 2.2 if you truncate to integer. The first $& already contributes a factor 1, so a correction by 1.2 is still needed. $= can only hold integers and starts with a value that ends on 0 so takes care of the truncating. The negative values are needed since the /\G/ regex changes any $& still on the evaluation stack so they need to be changed – Ton Hospel Apr 22 '16 at 21:58 • Oh. Brilliant! And thanks for the explanation. – msh210 Apr 22 '16 at 22:57 # JavaScript (ES6), 61 bytes Non-competing, as JavaScript was very different in 2011. Sum of digits of 2*n is 2*n if n in 0..4, 2*n-9 if n in 5..9. That said, all the sum can be computed in one step. s=>!([...s].reduceRight((t,d)=>t-d-i++%2*(d>4?d-9:d),i=0)%10)  # Jelly, 12 11 bytes ṚḤJḤ$¦DFS⁵ḍ


Try it online! (with all test cases)

## How it works

ṚḤJḤ$¦DFSḍ⁵ - Main link. Argument: n (integer) e.g. 49927398716 Ṛ - Reverse. Casts a number to digits [6, 1, 7, 8, 9, 3, 7, 2, 9, 9, 4] ¦ - Sparse application. Apply the next command to the given indicies Ḥ - Command: Double$        -   Indicies:
J          -     range(length)...                  [1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
Ḥ         -     doubled.                          [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22]
- Doubles elements at odd indicies      [6, 2, 7, 16, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 18, 4]
D      - Split each into digits                [6, 2, 7, [1, 6], 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, [1, 8], 4]
F     - Flatten                               [6, 2, 7, 1, 6, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 1, 8, 4]
S    - Sum                                   70
ḍ  - Divisible by...
⁵   -   10?                                 1


Alternatively, for 12 bytes:

ṚḤJḤ$¦DFSḍ@⁵  # 05AB1E, 12 10 bytes RSāÈ>*SOTÖ  Try it online! or as a Test Suite Explanation R # reverse input S # split to list of digits ā # push range[1 ... len(input)] È # map isEven on each > # increment * # multiply doubling every other item SO # sum digits TÖ # mod 10 == 0  # x86-16 ASM, IBM PC DOS, 23 bytes 03 F1 ADD SI, CX ; start at end of input string FD STD ; set LODSB direction to decrement DIGIT_LOOP: AC LODSB ; load next digit into AL, decrement SI 2C 30 SUB AL, '0' ; convert ASCII char to binary value F7 DA NEG DX ; flip DX to alternate odd/even index 78 06 JS EVEN ; if even index, do not double and sum digits D0 E0 SHL AL, 1 ; double the value D4 0A AAM ; BCD convert to split digits (ex: 18 = 12H --> 0108H) 02 DC ADD BL, AH ; add tens digit to running sum EVEN: 02 D8 ADD BL, AL ; add ones digit to running sum E2 ED LOOP DIGIT_LOOP 93 XCHG BX, AX ; sum is in BL, move to AL for conversion D4 0A AAM ; BCD convert AL, set ZF=1 if low digit is 0  Uses (abuses) the x86's BCD-to-binary instruction AAM to handle the individual digit splitting and modulo 10 check. Input card num string pointer in SI, length in CX. Output: ZF if valid. Example test program output: Download LUHN.COM IBM PC DOS test program. ### Scala: 132 def q(x:Int)=x%10+x/10 def c(i:String)={val s=i.reverse (s(0)-48)==10-(s.tail.sliding(2,2).map(n=>(q((n(0)-48)*2)+n(1)-48)).sum%10)}  invocation: c("79927398713")  • reverse ("79927398713") = 31789372997 • s(0), s.tail: (3)(1789372997) • sliding (2,2) = (17 89 37 29 97) • map (q((n(0)-48*2 + n(1)-48)) => q(('1'-'0')*2)+ '7'-'0')=1*2+7 ## JavaScript 1.8: 106 characters This is an original solution I came up with before I found this post: function(n){return!(n.split('').reverse().reduce(function(p,c,i){return(+c&&((c*(1+i%2)%9)||9))+p},0)%10)}  Readable form: function luhnCheck(ccNum) { return !( // True if the result is zero. ccNum.split(''). reverse(). // Iterate over the string from rtl. reduce(function(prev, cur, idx) { return prev + // Sum the results of each character. (+cur && // If the current digit is 0, move on. ((cur * (1 + idx % 2) // Double cur at even indices. % 9) || 9)); // Sum the digits of the result. }, 0) % 10); // Is the sum evenly divisible by 10? }  # K4, 35 bytes {~.*|$+/.:',/$x*1+1{y;~x}\|x:|.:'x}  ## Retina, 43 42 bytes Retina is (much) newer than this challenge.  ; r(.);.$1$& \d$*
1+
$.& .$*
._
0$ The leading empty line is significant. Prints 0 for falsy and 1 for truthy results. Try it online! (Slightly modified to run all test cases at once.) ### Explanation  ; Insert ; in every position to separate digits. r(.);.$1$&  From the right, we repeatedly match two digits and double the left one. This way we avoid an expensive reversing of the list. \d$*


We match each digit and convert it to that many 1s (that is, we convert each digit to unary).

1+
$.&  This matches each unary number and converts it back to decimal by replacing it with its length. Together with the previous stage, this adds the doubled digits. .$*


Again, we match every character and turn it into that many 1s. That is we convert each digit individually back to unary. This also matches the ; separators, which are treated as zeros in the conversion, which means they're simply removed. Since all the unary numbers are now squashed together we've automatically added the unary representations of the all digits together.

._


At the end, we insert the length of the entire string, i.e. the decimal representation of the unary checksum.

0$ Finally we count the number of matches of this regex, i.e. we check whether the decimal representation ends in 0, printing 0 or 1 accordingly. # Powershell, 74 bytes param($s)$s[$s.Length..0]|%{(1+$i++%2)*"$_"}|%{$r+=$_-9*($_-gt9)} !($r%10)


## Explanation

1. for each char of an argument string, in reverse order
2. get a digit of double value of a digit
3. a double value of a digit can not be greater then 18. Therefore, we accumulate a value minus 9 if value > 9
4. return true if the remainder of the division by 10 is 0

## Test script

$f = { param($s)$s[$s.Length..0]|%{(1+$i++%2)*"$_"}|%{$r+=$_-9*($_-gt9)} !($r%10)

}

@(
,("49927398716"      , $True) ,("49927398717" ,$False)
,("1234567812345670" , $True) ,("1234567812345678" ,$False)
,("79927398710"      , $False) ,("79927398711" ,$False)
,("79927398712"      , $False) ,("79927398713" ,$True)
,("79927398714"      , $False) ,("79927398715" ,$False)
,("79927398716"      , $False) ,("79927398717" ,$False)
,("79927398718"      , $False) ,("79927398719" ,$False)
,("374652346956782346957823694857692364857368475368" , $True) ,("374652346956782346957823694857692364857387456834" ,$False)
,("8" , $False) ,("0" ,$True)
) | % {
$s,$expected = $_$result = &$f$s
"$($result-eq$expected):$result : $s" }  ## Output True: True : 49927398716 True: False : 49927398717 True: True : 1234567812345670 True: False : 1234567812345678 True: False : 79927398710 True: False : 79927398711 True: False : 79927398712 True: True : 79927398713 True: False : 79927398714 True: False : 79927398715 True: False : 79927398716 True: False : 79927398717 True: False : 79927398718 True: False : 79927398719 True: True : 374652346956782346957823694857692364857368475368 True: False : 374652346956782346957823694857692364857387456834 True: False : 8 True: True : 0  # Haskell: 97 For some reason this isn't working for me, so here is my version l=(\x->(==0)$(mod10).sum$zipWith($)(cycle[id,sum.map(read.(:"")).show.(*2)])(map(read.(:""))x))


# GNU sed, 140 bytes

(including +1 for the -r flag)

s/^(..)*.$/0&/ s/(.)./\1x&/g s/x[5-9]/1&/g s/[0x]//g s/[789]/&6/g s/[456]/&3/g s/[369]/&11/g s/[258]/&1/g s/.{10}//g s/.+/false/ s/^$/true/


Sed is almost never the most natural language for arithmetic, but here we go:

#!/bin/sed -rf

s/^(..)*.$/0&/ # double every other digit s/(.)./\1x&/g # add carry (converts mod-9 to mod-10) s/x[5-9]/1&/g # convert sum to unary s/[0x]//g s/[789]/&6/g s/[456]/&3/g s/[369]/&11/g s/[258]/&1/g # remove whole tens s/.{10}//g # output 'true' or false s/.+/false/ s/^$/true/


# APL, 38 bytes

d←10∘⊥⍣¯1⋄{0=10|+/+/d x×1+~2|⍳⍴x←⌽d ⍵}


expects the number as a number, not a string, but that's only because tryAPL (understandably) doesn't implement ⍎

further reducible, i'm sure…

## PHP - 136 characters

function t($c){foreach($a=str_split(strrev($c)) as$k=>&$v){$v=array_sum(str_split(($k % 2)!==0?2*$v:$v));}return !(array_sum($a)% 10);}


# MATL, 23 20 bytes (non competing)

P!Utn:2X\!*t9>+s10\~


Try it online!

Outputs 1 for a valid number, 0 otherwise.

Saved three bytes thanks to Luis Mendo's suggestions.

## Explanation

P       % flip the order of elements
!       % transpose into column vector
U       % convert char matrix to numeric
t       % duplicate the vector
n       % find the length
:       % create a new vector length n (1, 2, 3, ... n)
2       % number literal
X\      % take it mod 2, to make the new vector (1, 2, 1, ..., (n-1) mod 2 +1)
!       % transpose
*       % element-wise product
t       % duplicate
9       % push 9
>       % 1 if it is greater than 9
+       % add the vectors, this makes the last digit of each the same as the sum of the digits
10      % number literal
\       % mod 10
~       % logical 'not' (element-wise)
% (implicit) convert to string and display


# Jelly, 14 bytes

DUḤJḤ$¦DS$€S⁵ḍ


Try it online!

Explanation:

D              get digits
U             reverse array
JḤ$for every other index, Ḥ ¦ double the value € for each value, D$     get the digits
S\$     and sum them
S   sum the list
⁵ḍ check if it's divisible by 10

• Why is this non-competing? – mudkip201 Jan 25 '18 at 1:32
• @mudkip201 Correct me if I'm wrong, but this version of Jelly didn't exist when the question was asked, so it isn't valid for the question. – ellie Jan 25 '18 at 1:41
• Pretty sure there was a meta consensus that said that languages that were made after the challenge aren't 'non-competing' any more – mudkip201 Jan 25 '18 at 1:43