Is this a triangle?

Question

Task

Write a function/program that, given three positive integers a, b and c, prints a Truthy value if a triangle (any triangle) could have side lengths a, b and c and outputs a Falsy value otherwise.

Input

Three positive integers in any sensible format, for example:

• three distinct function arguments, f(2, 3, 5)
• a list of three numbers, [2,3,5]
• a comma-separated string, "2,3,5"

You may not assume the inputs are sorted.

Output

A Truthy value if a triangle could have the sides with the lengths given, Falsy otherwise.

Test cases

1, 1, 1 -> Truthy
1, 2, 3 -> Falsy
2, 1, 3 -> Falsy
1, 3, 2 -> Falsy
3, 2, 1 -> Falsy
3, 1, 2 -> Falsy
2, 2, 2 -> Truthy
3, 4, 5 -> Truthy
3, 5, 4 -> Truthy
5, 3, 4 -> Truthy
5, 4, 3 -> Truthy
10, 9, 3 -> Truthy
100, 10, 10 -> Falsy

---

This is code-golf so shortest solution in bytes, wins. Consider upvoting this challenge if you have fun solving it and... Happy golfing!

Answer 1

Python, 24 bytes

lambda l:sum(l)>max(l)*2

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Checks if a+b+c > max(a,b,c)*2. If, say, c is the biggest one, this is equivalent to a+b+c>2*c, or a+b>c, which is want we want for the triangle inequality.

Answer 2

CP-1610 machine code (Intellivision), 12 DECLEs¹ = 15 bytes

A routine taking \$(a,b,c)\$ into R0, R1 and R2 respectively and setting the carry if \$(a,b,c)\$ is not a triangle, or clearing it otherwise.

083     |         MOVR    R0,     R3
0CB     |         ADDR    R1,     R3
15A     |         CMPR    R3,     R2
02F     |         ADCR    R7
0D3     |         ADDR    R2,     R3
049     |         SLL     R1
159     |         CMPR    R3,     R1
201 002 |         BC      @@rtn
048     |         SLL     R0
158     |         CMPR    R3,     R0
0AF     | @@rtn   JR      R5

How?

Instead of testing:

$$\cases{a+b>c\\a+c>b\\b+c>a}$$

We test:

$$\cases{a+b>c\\a+b+c>2b\\a+b+c>2a}$$

The left parts of the inequalities are stored into R3. If the first test fails (when \$a+b\$ is stored into R3 and compared with R2), the carry is set and added to the program counter (R7), forcing the next instruction to be skipped. Consequently, R3 is not updated to \$a+b+c\$ and the last 2 comparisons are turned into:

$$\cases{a+b>2b\\a+b>2a}\Leftrightarrow\cases{a>b\\b>a}$$

which of course is never true, so the test is guaranteed to fail as expected.

All in all, this saves a branch which would have cost 1 extra DECLE.

Full commented test code

        ROMW    10                ; use 10-bit ROM width
        ORG     $4800             ; map this program at $4800

        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
        ;;  main code                                                    ;;
        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
main    PROC

        SDBD                      ; set up an interrupt service routine
        MVII    #isr,   R0        ; to do some minimal STIC initialization
        MVO     R0,     $100
        SWAP    R0
        MVO     R0,     $101

        EIS                       ; enable interrupts

        MVII    #$200,  R4        ; R4 = pointer into backtab
        SDBD                      ; R5 = pointer into test cases
        MVII    #tc,    R5
        MVII    #13,    R3        ; R3 = number of test cases

@@loop  MVI@    R5,     R0        ; R0 = a
        MVI@    R5,     R1        ; R1 = b
        MVI@    R5,     R2        ; R2 = c
        PSHR    R3                ; save R3 and R5 on the stack
        PSHR    R5
        CALL    tr                ; invoke our routine
        PULR    R5                ; restore R3 and R5
        PULR    R3

        MVII    #$80,   R0        ; R0 = '0'
        BC      @@draw

        MVII    #$88,   R0        ; or '1' if the carry is not set

@@draw  MVO@    R0,     R4        ; draw this character

        DECR    R3                ; next test case
        BNEQ    @@loop

        DECR    R7                ; loop forever

        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
        ;;  test cases                                                   ;;
        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
tc      PROC

        DECLE   1, 1, 1           ; true
        DECLE   1, 2, 3           ; false
        DECLE   2, 1, 3           ; false
        DECLE   1, 3, 2           ; false
        DECLE   3, 2, 1           ; false
        DECLE   3, 1, 2           ; false
        DECLE   2, 2, 2           ; true
        DECLE   3, 4, 5           ; true
        DECLE   3, 5, 4           ; true
        DECLE   5, 3, 4           ; true
        DECLE   5, 4, 3           ; true
        DECLE   10, 9, 3          ; true
        DECLE   100, 10, 10       ; false

        ENDP

        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
        ;;  ISR                                                          ;;
        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
isr     PROC

        MVO     R0,     $0020     ; enable display

        CLRR    R0
        MVO     R0,     $0030     ; no horizontal delay
        MVO     R0,     $0031     ; no vertical delay
        MVO     R0,     $0032     ; no border extension
        MVII    #$D,    R0
        MVO     R0,     $0028     ; light-blue background
        MVO     R0,     $002C     ; light-blue border

        JR      R5                ; return from ISR

        ENDP

        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
        ;;  our routine                                                  ;;
        ;; ------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
tr      PROC

        MOVR    R0,     R3        ; R3 = a
        ADDR    R1,     R3        ; R3 = a + b
        CMPR    R3,     R2        ; is R3 greater than c?
        ADCR    R7                ; if not, skip the next instruction

        ADDR    R2,     R3        ; R3 = a + b + c (or still a + b if skipped)
        SLL     R1                ; R1 = 2b
        CMPR    R3,     R1        ; is R3 greater than 2b?
        BC      @@rtn             ; if not, return with the carry set

        SLL     R0                ; R0 = 2a
        CMPR    R3,     R0        ; is R3 greater than 2a?
                                  ; if not, the carry is set

@@rtn   JR      R5                ; return

        ENDP

Output

^{screenshot from jzIntv}

---

_{1. A CP-1610 opcode is encoded with a 10-bit value (0x000 to 0x3FF), known as a 'DECLE'.}

Answer 3

Java 8, 52 49 38 26 bytes

(a,b,c)->a+b>c&a+c>b&b+c>a

Port of @xnor's formula turns out to be shorter after all, by taking the input as three loose integers instead of a List/array.
-12 bytes thanks to @xnor for reminding me that the first 6-bytes formula I used in my 05AB1E answer is actually shorter in Java:

\$(a+b>c)\land(a+c>b)\land(b+c>a)\$

Try it online.

Explanation:

(a,b,c)->  // Method with three integer parameters and boolean return-type
  a+b>c    //  Return whether the sum of a and b is larger than c
  &a+c>b   //  and the sum of a and c is larger than b
  &b+c>a   //  and the sum of b and c is larger than a

---

Previous 52 49 bytes answer:

S->{S.sort(null);return S.pop()<S.pop()+S.pop();}

Port of @GB's Ruby answer with input as a Stack of Integers.

Try it online.

Explanation:

S->{                        // Method with Integer-Stack parameter and boolean return-type
  S.sort(null);             //  Sort the input-Stack
  return S.pop()            //  Check if the last largest value
         <S.pop()+S.pop();} //  is smaller than the lowest two values added together

Answer 4

Ruby, 23 bytes

->*a{a.sort!.pop<a.sum}

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A different approach, xnor's formula would be shorter but I'm satisfied with that.

Answer 5

Ruby, 19 bytes

->*a{2*a.max<a.sum}

You can try it online!

Uses the fact that this Ruby answer said it didn't want to implement the port of xnor's answer and at the same time taught me enough syntax to guess how the max of an array is calculated :)

Answer 6

05AB1E, 6 5 4 bytes

O;‹ß

-1 byte by porting @xnor's algorithm.
-1 byte thanks to @Grimmy using a derived formula.

Try it online or verify all test cases.

Explanation:

The formula this program uses to determine if three side-lengths \$a,b,c\$ form a triangle is:

\$t=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\$
\$(a<t)\land(b<t)\land(c<t)\$

O     # Take the sum of the (implicit) input-list
 ;    # Halve it
  ‹   # Check if it's larger than each of the values of the (implicit) input-list
   ß  # Get the minimum of those checks
      # (`P` can be used as alternative to check if all are truthy instead)
      # (after which this result is output implicitly)

---

Original 6-byter:

ÀĆü+‹P

Try it online or verify all test cases.

Explanation:

The formula this program uses to determine if three side-lengths \$a,b,c\$ form a triangle is:

\$a+b>c\$
\$a+c>b\$
\$b+c>a\$

Which translates to the following code for 05AB1E:

À       # Rotate the (implicit) input-list once towards the right: [a,b,c] → [b,c,a]
 Ć      # Enclose it; appending its head to itself: [b,c,a] → [b,c,a,b]
  ü+    # Sum each overlapping pair: [b,c,a,b] → [b+c,c+a,a+b]
    ‹   # Check for each whether it's larger than the (implicit) input-list:
        #  [a<b+c,b<c+a,c<a+b]
     P  # And check if all three are truthy by taking the product
        # (`ß` could be used as alternative, like in the 4-byter program above)
        # (after which the result is output implicitly)

Answer 7

C (gcc), 30 bytes

Probably the most basic formula.

f(a,b,c){a=a+b>c&a+c>b&b+c>a;}

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Answer 8

PHP, 45 32 bytes

fn($a)=>max($a)*2<array_sum($a);

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Lambda function that takes an array [a, b, c] and outputs empty string if false or "1" if true, with xnor's formula.

Note that in PHP the ; is only necessary when the function is attributed to a variable, so it's placed in the footer (provided code is valid as it is).

EDIT: thanks to Guillermo Phillips for introducing me to PHP 7.4 short notation! (as a declaration without {}, it now needs the ;)

Answer 9

Wolfram Language (Mathematica), 12 bytes

2Max@#<Tr@#&

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Answer 10

GolfScript, 5 bytes

$~\->

Why bother with any of the other math? If the longest side is longer (or equal) than the sum of the shorter two, it can't be a triangle. Otherwise it can.

Input is an array. Output is 0 or 1. If you have the list necessarily sorted, then you can just input as a dumped array (straight onto the stack) and the first two characters are unneeded. If the list can be entered in reverse order, then you can remove the first three characters and flip the greater-than to a lesser-than, leaving only 2 characters needed.

$~\->  #Check if side lengths could make a triangle
$      #Sort
 ~     #Dump array onto stack (stack is now 1 2 3)
  \    #Swap the top two elements (1 3 2)
   -   #Subtract the top from the second (1 3-2)
    >  #Check if that difference is strictly greater than the smallest value

This is equivalent to my last answer, but instead of a+b>c, I did a>c-b, which saves a character of stack-shuffling.

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Answer 11

APL (Dyalog Unicode), 7 bytes^SBCS

+/>2×⌈/

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Also uses xnor's formula of sum(a,b,c) > 2 * max(a,b,c).

How it works

+/>2×⌈/
+/       ⍝ Is sum
  >      ⍝ greater than
   2×    ⍝ twice of
     ⌈/  ⍝ max?

---

Alternative 7 bytes^SBCS

∧/+/>+⍨

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How it works

∧/+/>+⍨
  +/     ⍝ Is sum
    >    ⍝ greater than
     +⍨  ⍝ twice each number?
∧/       ⍝ All of them?

Answer 12

Jelly, 4 bytes

ṀḤ<S

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A monadic link taking a list of integers and returning a Jelly boolean (1 = True, 0 = False).

Based on @xnor's Python answer so be sure to upvote that one too!

Explanation

Ṁ    | Maximum
 Ḥ   | Doubled
  <  | Less than:
   S | - Sum of original argument

Answer 13

Retina 0.8.2, 31 bytes

\d+
$*
O`1+
^(?!(1+),(1+),\1\2)

Try it online! Link includes test cases. Explanation:

\d+
$*

Convert to unary.

O`1+

Sort.

^(?!(1+),(1+),\1\2)

Check that the sum of the first two is greater than the third.

Answer 14

C (gcc), ^{54 \$\cdots\$ 42} 36 bytes

Saved 6 bytes thanks to ceilingcat!!!

f(a,b,c){a=a+b+c>2*fmax(a>b?a:b,c);}

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Uses xnor's formula.

Answer 15

Uiua, 7 bytes 9 bytes (SBCS)

|1<+/∘⊏⍖.

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Explanation:

## (Top of stack on the left)
## Stack: [1 3 2]
         .   # Copy input
## Stack: [1 3 2] [1 3 2]
       ⍖    # Index array by descending value
## Stack: [1 2 0] [1 3 2]
      ⊏      # Order the input
## Stack: [3 2 1]
    /∘       # Put the elements on the stack 
## Stack: 1 2 3
   +         # Add the top two items
## Stack: 3 3
  <          # Test whether the second item is less than the first
## Stack: 0
|1           # Function signature

Edit: Added function signature (2 extra bytes) to conform to rules. Thanks to @Bubbler.

Answer 16

J, 8 bytes

+/>2*>./

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Uses xnor's formula

Answer 17

Burlesque, 13 bytes

raJ++j>]2.*.>

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ra # Read as array
J  # Duplicate
++ # Sum
j  # Swap
>] # Maximum
2.*# Double
.> # Greater than

Answer 18

Wren, 54 bytes

I haven't written Wren in a long time...

Fn.new{|x|x.reduce{|a,b|a+b}>x.reduce{|a,b|a>b?a:b}*2}

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Answer 19

C++ (gcc), 89 bytes

Array/vector solution as shown in other answers.

#import<regex>
int f(std::vector<int>v){std::sort(&v[0],&*end(v));return v[2]<v[1]+v[0];}

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C++ (gcc), 56 bytes

int f(int a,int b,int c){a=a+b+c>2*((a=a>b?a:b)>c?a:c);}

Like the C solution but with more boilerplate.

-2 bytes thanks (indirectly) to Arnauld!

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Answer 20

C (gcc), 40 bytes

-2 bytes thanks to Arnauld: stores the result of max in a. Eliminates the variable m used in the previous solution.

f(a,b,c){a=a+b+c>2*((a=a>b?a:b)>c?a:c);}

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C (gcc), 42 bytes

f(a,b,c){a=a+b+c>2*(a>b?a>c?a:c:b>c?b:c);}

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Answer 21

Never done one of these before. Here are two algorithms borrowed from other answers implemented in JavaScript.

JavaScript, 32 bytes

(a,b,c)=>a+b+c>Math.max(a,b,c)*2

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JavaScript, 28 bytes

(a,b,c)=>a=a+b>c&a+c>b&b+c>a

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Answer 22

Lua, 128 120 bytes

b=io.read()t={}for r in b.gmatch(b,"([^,]+)")do
table.insert(t,r) end
print(t[1]+t[2]+t[3]+0>math.max(t[1],t[2],t[3])*2)

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Lua, 37 bytes

@Jo King's solution using TIO properly and following the rules of the challenge.

a,b,c=...print(a+b+c>math.max(...)*2)

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Very direct translation of @xnor's algorithm

Answer 23

Excel, 20 bytes

=SUM(A:A)>MAX(A:A)*2

Input in A1, A2 and A3.

---

Alternatively, with input on A1, B1 and C1:

=SUM(1:1)>MAX(1:1)*2

Answer 24

Pepe, 93 bytes

REeEREeEREeEREEEEeEeEREEEeREEEEEEEREEEEEEEErREEEEEerEEEEEerEeEeErEEEEeeRErREErEEEEeREeReEreEE

Input: a;b;c
Output: -1 for falsy, 1 for truthy

Explanation:

REeEREeEREeE # Push 3 inputs (num) -> (R)
REEEEeEeE # Sort the (R) stack
REEEe # Move pointer pos to the last -> (R)
REEEEEEE # Move last item of (R) (num c in this case) to (r)
REEEEEEEE # Sum the stack (note: does not remove the stack completely!) -> (R)
          # For some reason, the pointer pos of (R) keeps sticking to the last item
rREEEEEe # Subtract active item of (R) (a+b) to (r) (num c) -> (R)
         # ((a+b)-c)
         # r flag: Preserve the items
rEEEEEe # Same as above, but put it to (r)
        # This switches the expression: (c-(a+b)) or -((a+b)-c)
        # No more r flag this time, so remove these two items
rEeEeE # Absolute of (r)
rEEEEee # Divide active item of (R) (a+b) and (r) (num c) -> (r)
RE # Push 0 -> (R)
rREE # Create loop labelled 0 -> (R)
     # r flag: Skip until Ee (or REe)
  rEEEEe # Decrement (0 -> -1) -> (r)
  REe # Return to where a goto was called last
ReE # If the division of (r) returned 0, go inside the loop
reEE # Output (r) as number

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Answer 25

x86-16 machine code, 21 bytes

8B D0       MOV  DX, AX     ; DX = a 
03 C3       ADD  AX, BX     ; AX = a + b 
3B C1       CMP  AX, CX     ; is a + b > c? 
76 0C       JBE  NOT_TRI    ; if so, not triangle 
03 C1       ADD  AX, CX     ; AX = a + b + c 
D1 E2       SHL  DX, 1      ; DX = 2a 
3B C2       CMP  AX, DX     ; is a + b + c > 2a? 
76 04       JBE  NOT_TRI    ; if so, not triangle 
D1 E3       SHL  BX, 1      ; BX = 2b 
3B C3       CMP  AX, BX     ; is a + b + c > 2b? 
        NOT_TRI:
C3          RET             ; return to caller

Callable function, input AX, BX and CX. Result is in ZF: NZ if triangle, ZR if not.

Uses Arnauld's method to check.

I/O from DOS test program:

For some reason the test program returns "Hotdog" if a triangle and "Not Hotdog" if not.

Answer 26

Vyxal, 4 bytes

∑½<A

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Answer 27

C# 35

bool t(int[] s)=>s.Max()*2<s.Sum();

:)

Answer 28

MathGolf, 5 bytes

Σ\╙∞>

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Exact port, including same explanation, as my 5-byte 05AB1E answer: sum; swap; max; double; a>b.

Answer 29

GolfScript, 14 bytes

A port of the Ruby answers.

~.{+}*\$)\;2*>

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Explanation

~              # Evaluate the input
 .             # Copy it twice
  {+}*         # Sum the input
      \$       # Sort the other input
        )\;    # Select the last item
               # in the sorted list
           2*  # Double this item 
             > # Compare

Answer 30

W d, 12 10 bytes

I'm quite satisfied because W doesn't have a max function. OR a function sorting the array.

▼╪m╜w♣S×∟╖

Uncompressed:

<a&b|R       % Max.
      2*     % Double.
        S    % Swap.
         +r  % Sum.
           < % Less than.
% It's in the wrong order because
% I can golf a few bytes off the max function.

% BTW the max function is implemented like this:
(b<a) && (a) || (b)
% The reduction reduces this function over the whole list.