Sort an Option String

Question

Background

In C, there is a function to help parse command-line arguments: getopt.

Getopt takes the argument count (argc), the argument list (argv), and a string representing the options the program should take (optstring).

The option string (optstring) is a series of option characters each followed by one colon (for an option requiring an argument), two colons (for an option with an optional argument), or zero colons (for an option without an argument).

For example: one might use the following option string for their company's new widget.

"v::x:hy:S:G::dns:f::"

But that looks horrible! The options are all mixed together! This option string would look much better if it were sorted:

"f::G::v::S:s:x:y:dhn"

Specifications

• The input will be a string matching the regular expression ([A-Za-z]:{0,2})+

• You should take input as a string or list of characters.

• You should output the string sorted by the method detailed below.

• You do not need to handle empty input.

• You do not need to handle input with repeated options of the same type ("aa" is not valid, but "aa:a::" is valid).

Sorting Method

In the sorted option string:

• The characters followed by two colons come first, sorted alphabetically, with uppercase letters before their respective lowercase letters (i.e. "aBb", not "Bab").

• Then are the characters with one colon, sorted alphabetically, with uppercase letters before their respective lowercase letters.

• Last are the characters with no colon, sorted alphabetically, with uppercase letters before their respective lowercase letters.

Rules

• Standard Loopholes are forbidden.

Scoring

This is code-golf, so shortest answer in bytes in each language wins.

Examples

# "input" => "output"
"v::x:hy:S:G::dns:f::" => "f::G::v::S:s:x:y:dhn"
"aa:a::" => "a::a:a"
"B:" => "B:"
"Confusio:n::" => "n::o:Cfinosu"
"Confusio:n:" => "n:o:Cfinosu"
"m:qW:X:xc:vViI" => "c:m:W:X:IiqVvx"
"V:omo:V" => "o:V:moV"
"agg:ra:va::ting::" => "a::g::a:g:aginrtv"
"input" => "inptu"

Long test case (312 characters)

Invaid Inputs (you don't have to handle):

"gg" (duplicated option)
"" (empty string)
":w:" (first colon isn't after a character)
"x:y:0:fhn" ('0' is not alphabetic)
"A:::" (3 colons is invalid)

Answer 1

Husk, 11 bytes

ΣÖom_↔Oġλ¬√

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Explanation

ΣÖom_↔Oġλ¬√  Implicit input, say "kH::r:R:Hk:"
       ġ     Split between characters for which this gives a falsy result:
        λ      Take two arguments, ignore the first.
          √    Is the second argument a letter?
         ¬     Negate.
             Now we have the options: ["k","H::","r:","R:","H","k:"]
      O      Sort: ["H","H::","R:","k","k:","r:"]
 Ö           Sort by
     ↔       reversing and
  om_        converting everything to lowercase: ["H::","k:","R:","r:","H","k"]
Σ            Concatenate: H::k:R:r:Hk

Answer 2

Retina, 47 bytes

.
$&$&
T01`L`l`..
O^`\w.:*
.(.)
$1
O$^`\w:*
$.&

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The trickiest part was actually sorting the letters, because Retina's "sort-by" feature doesn't have a case-insensitive sort (so by default it sorts the upper case letters in front of all lower case letters). To work around this, I had to insert a lower-case copy of each character to do the sorting and then get rid of it again.

Answer 3

Japt, 17 16 bytes

f".:*" ñ_iZw vÃq

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How it works

Say the input string is v:vg::G:G::o:. The first part of the code, f".:*", finds all matches of the regex /.:*/g, which matches a character followed by any number of colons. This splits the input into [v:, v, g::, G:, G::, o:].

The ñ method on an array sorts each the array as if certain changes were applied, without actually applying them (like sorted(array, key=<whatever>) in Python). So we need to sort:

• double-colons before everything else;
• single-colons after double-colons, but before no-colons;
• letters in their alphabetical order; and finally
• uppercase letters before lowercase.

Z{ZiZéJ v} is the shortest way I could find to do this:

  Zw     Reverse Z.
     v   Convert to lowercase.
Zi       Insert this at the beginning of Z.

This is easiest to understand with some examples:

         v:   v  g::    G:   G::    o:
  Zw     :v   v  ::g    :G   ::G    :o
     v   :v   v  ::g    :g   ::g    :o
Zi       :vv: vv ::gg:: :gG: ::gG:: :oo:

The original values are then sorted lexicographically by these keys. The result is that ::gG:: is sorted to the front, then ::gg::, and so on, giving us [G::, g::, G:, o:, v:, v], which is then joined with q and outputted.

Answer 4

Python 2, 100 90 bytes

lambda s:''.join(sorted(re.findall('.:*',s),key=lambda s:(-len(s),s.lower(),s)))
import re

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Answer 5

Jelly, 14 bytes

n”:œṗ⁸ṢŒuÞṚLÞṚ

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Full program.

Answer 6

JavaScript (ES6), 93 bytes

f=
s=>s.match(/\w:*/g).sort((a,b)=>b.length-a.length||parseInt(a,36)-parseInt(b,36)||a>b).join``

<input oninput=o.textContent=this.value&&f(this.value)><pre id=o>

Answer 7

Perl 5, 69 + 1 (-n) = 70 bytes

say sort{$b=~y///c<=>length$a||($"=lc$a)cmp lc$b||1-2*($"ne$a)}/.:*/g

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Answer 8

Haskell, 124 bytes

import Data.List
import Data.Char
s(c:x)|(l,r)<-span(==':')x=(-length l,toLower c,c:l):s r;s _=[]
t(_,_,x)=x
f=(t=<<).sort.s

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Answer 9

Bash, 232 213 bytes

s(){ s=${1#?} c=${1%$s} o=${s%%[^:]*} s=${s#$o} o=$c$o;};
p()(s $1;l= g= p=$o d=$c;[[ $o ]]&&(while s $s;[[ $o ]];do
(((x=${#o}-${#p},y=36#$d-36#$c,x?x:y?y:62#$c-62#$d)>0))&&g+=$o||l+=$o;done;echo `p $g`$p`p $l`))

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Answer 10

C# (.NET Core), 152 bytes

s=>{var o="";for(var d=":::";d!="";){d=d.Substring(1);for(var c='@';c!=90;o+=s.IndexOf(c+d)>=0?c+d:"",s=s.Replace(c+d,""),c^=' ')if(c<97)c++;}return o;}

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Ungolfed:

s => { 
    var o = ""; 
    for (var d = ":::"; d != "";) { 
        d = d.Substring(1); 
        for (
            var c = '@'; 
            c != 90; 
            o += s.IndexOf(c + d) >= 0 ? c + d : "", s = s.Replace(c + d, ""), c ^= ' '
        ) if (c < 97) c++; 
    } 
    return o; 
}

The basic idea is to iterate over all 156 possible options and check for their existence. If found, append to the output, and remove from the input.