Generate a US License Plate

Question

Given one of the following as input:

AK,AR,AS,AZ,CA,CT,DC,FL,GA,IL,IN,IA,KS,KY,LA,MD,MI,MN,MS,NV,NH,NJ,NM,NY,NC,ND,MP,OH,OK,OR,PA,PR,RI,SC,TN,TX,UT,VT,VA,WA,WI

(with quotes)

"AK","AR","AS","AZ","CA","CT","DC","FL","GA","IL","IN","IA","KS","KY","LA","MD","MI","MN","MS","NV","NH","NJ","NM","NY","NC","ND","MP","OH","OK","OR","PA","PR","RI","SC","TN","TX","UT","VT","VA","WA","WI"

Generate and output a (uniformly) random license plate of the format matching the input. If there are multiple (comma separated) formats, use a (uniformly) random format:

AK, IA, MS, MP, VT: AAA 000
AS: 0000
AZ, GA, WA: AAA0000
AR, KS, KY, LA, ND, OR: 000 AAA
CA: 0AAA000
CT: AA-00000
DC: AA-0000
FL: AAA A00
IL: AA 00000
IN: 000A,000AA,000AAA,AAA000
MD: 0AA0000
MI: AAA 0000,0AA A00,AAA 000
MN: 000-AAA
NV: 00A-000
NH: 000 0000
NJ: A00-AAA
NM: 000-AAA,AAA-000
NY, NC, PA, TX, VA, WI: AAA-0000
OH: AAA 0000
OK: 000AAA
PR: AAA-000
RI: 000-000
SC: AAA 000,000 0AA
TN: A00-00A
UT: A00 0AA

Where A means a random character in the uppercase alphabet minus IOQ and 0 means a random single digit number (0 to 9).

All information from Wikipedia. These (states) were all of the ones that I understood and that didn't have wonky rules.

This is code-golf, so shortest answer in bytes wins!

Answer 1

Python3, 861 821 819 714 678 674 670 662 661 658 596 591 561 555 551 536 bytes.

-8 bytes thanks to @DestructibleLemon (b=a+... and d=B...), -15 bytes thanks to @Felipe Nardi Batista (useless lambda and variable)

And thanks to everyone over in chat who helped golf this!

from random import*
C=choice
Z='000'
A='AAA'
B=A+'-0'+Z
a=A+' '+Z
b=A+'0'+Z
c=a[::-1]
d=B[1:]
print(C(''.join(C(['ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ','0123456789',i]['A0'.find(i)])for i in([a]*5+[Z+'0',b,b,b]+[c]*6+['0'+A+Z,d,d+'0',A+' A00','AA 00'+Z,Z+'A,000AA,000AAA,'+A+Z,'0AA0'+Z,a+'0,0AA A00,'+a,Z+'-'+A,'00A-'+A,Z+' 0'+Z,'A00-'+A,Z+'-AAA,AAA-'+Z]+[B]*6+[a+'0',Z+A,B[:-1],Z+'-'+Z,a+','+c,'A00-00A','A00 0AA'])[[*zip('AIMMVAAGWAKKLNOCDCFIIMMMNNNNNNPTVWOOPRSTU','KASPTSZAARSYADRACTLLNDINVHJMYCAXAIHKRICNT')].index(tuple(input()))]).split(',')))

Try it online

Any golfing suggestions are welcome (and wanted). And, please, if you spot any errors, just tell me via the comments!

Answer 2

JavaScript (ES6), 374 368 bytes

s=>(P=n=>parseInt(n,36),R=Math.random,g=F=>F?(' -'+(R()*10|0)+'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ'[R()*23|0])[F&3]+g(F>>2):'')(P('8cf,4q,8fz,ch6,8hq,xpb,8f3,8jj,xov,6i|ru|356|24f,8fy,xmn|8ji|8cf,ciy,8e2,xm2,ciz,ciy|8e7,xof,xmn,356,8e7,8dm,8cf|ca2,bjf,ca3'.split`,`[P('1k3600d2mha35h7bi00jc000o03000000809l002003n0h3032e0fh4g0h'[P(s)%159%131%70%58])].split`|`.sort(_=>R()-.5)[0]))

Formatted and commented

In the following code, data sections have been truncated. Missing parts are marked with (...).

s => (                                  // given the state s
  P = n => parseInt(n, 36),             // P = base-36 parsing function
  R = Math.random,                      // R = random generator
  g = F =>                              // g = recursive function taking an encoded format F
    F ?                                 // if the format has not been yet fully processed:
      (                                 //   build a string consisting of:
        ' -' +                          //     0: space, 1: hyphen
        (R() * 10 | 0) +                //     2: a random digit
        'ABCD(...)YZ'[R() * 23 | 0]     //     3: a random uppercase letter (minus I, O, Q)
      )[F & 3] +                        //   pick the next character from this string
      g(F >> 2)                         //   recursive call, dropping the 2 consumed bits
    :                                   // else:
      ''                                //   stop recursion
  )(                                    // initial call to g():
    P(                                  //   base-36 decoding of a format picked from
      '8cf,4q,(...),ca3'.split`,`[      //     a list of binary encoded formats
        P(                              //       accessed through a base-36 decoded index
          '1k36(...)0h'[                //         picked from a lookup-table of 58 entries
            P(s) % 159 % 131 % 70 % 58  //           based on a hash of the state
          ]                             //         end of lookup-table access
        )                               //       end of lookup-table index decoding
      ].split`|`                        //     end of list access / split it on '|'
      .sort(_ => R() - .5)[0]           //     randomly pick a format from this list
    )                                   //   end of format decoding
  )                                     // end of call

Demo

let f =

s=>(P=n=>parseInt(n,36),R=Math.random,g=F=>F?(' -'+(R()*10|0)+'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ'[R()*23|0])[F&3]+g(F>>2):'')(P('8cf,4q,8fz,ch6,8hq,xpb,8f3,8jj,xov,6i|ru|356|24f,8fy,xmn|8ji|8cf,ciy,8e2,xm2,ciz,ciy|8e7,xof,xmn,356,8e7,8dm,8cf|ca2,bjf,ca3'.split`,`[P('1k3600d2mha35h7bi00jc000o03000000809l002003n0h3032e0fh4g0h'[P(s)%159%131%70%58])].split`|`.sort(_=>R()-.5)[0]))

;[
  'AK','AR','AS','AZ','CA','CT','DC','FL','GA','IL','IN','IA','KS','KY',
  'LA','MD','MI','MN','MS','NV','NH','NJ','NM','NY','NC','ND','MP','OH',
  'OK','OR','PA','PR','RI','SC','TN','TX','UT','VT','VA','WA','WI'
]
.forEach(s => console.log(s + ' --> ' + f(s)))

Answer 3

T-SQL, 1104 1100 797 657 bytes

DECLARE @ CHAR(8)SELECT @=STUFF(value,1,2,'')FROM STRING_SPLIT(CAST(DECOMPRESS(CAST('H4sIAAAAAAAEAEWPUQ6DMAiGr2JCwlM9BKnZ7LTV2E7n7n+QlRbYC3yl8PNDCyIOAOACKcVstCudRYkytPSthUZPUrqM6KhxqC+3ZKNbaSWlNCltNuEJuozzdekITXDygu6xshNkx2u3xJhqREmWGUQqTiDWYpBLGEGkrOgij47N21k1eKdLM3trI+mF+h2tMSJK441qM3nDnQzLx/D8V69guM3mblvkiP1Q/SPwTqbs1XD2zVztKwnbL7p3wV77AcxSbMHfAQAA'as XML).value('.','varbinary(max)'))AS varchar(max)),','),t WHERE s=LEFT(value,2)ORDER BY NEWID()WHILE CHARINDEX('&',@)>0SET @=STUFF(@,CHARINDEX('&',@),1,SUBSTRING('ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ',CAST(1+23*RAND()AS INT),1))WHILE CHARINDEX('#',@)>0SET @=STUFF(@,CHARINDEX('#',@),1,CAST(10*RAND()AS INT))PRINT @

EDIT 1: Saved over 300 bytes by changing VALUES() to STRING_SPLIT() (only available in SQL 2016 and later)

EDIT 2: Saved another 140 bytes by using GZIP compression as described here. We've already restricted ourselves to SQL 2016 and later, so these functions are available.

Input is via pre-existing table t with the State code in column s, per our IO standards.

After expanding the compressed string, here's the formatted code, with the super long list of states snipped:

DECLARE @ CHAR(8)
SELECT @=STUFF(value,1,2,'')
FROM STRING_SPLIT('AK&&& ###,IA&&& ###,MS&&& ###,...
                         (long string continues)
                   ...,SC### #&&,TN&##-##&,UT&## #&&',','),t
WHERE s=LEFT(value,2)ORDER BY NEWID()

WHILE CHARINDEX('&',@)>0
    SET @=STUFF(@,CHARINDEX('&',@),1,
        SUBSTRING('ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ',CAST(1+23*RAND()AS INT),1))

WHILE CHARINDEX('#',@)>0
    SET @=STUFF(@,CHARINDEX('#',@),1,
        CAST(10*RAND()AS INT))

PRINT @

So I created a huge in-memory table consisting of all the possible pairs of (state, pattern). Note that I'm not combining rows, each state is separate, and states like IN will have 4 rows, one for each pattern.

When I join that in-memory table to the input table, I sort by NEWID(), which randomizes the order and returns a random matching pattern to the variable @.

I then just replace each & with a random letter, and each # with a random digit and return the result.

Answer 4

><>, 967 860 851 bytes

</b:++d**d85-*i9*i2
v\+?\"00A AAA"
 /5:/
v\+?\"00000 AA"
 /4:/\
v\+?\x"000-AAA"
 /f:/
v\+?\>"AAA-000"
 /1:/
v\+ ?\"A00-00A"
v/cb:/\/"A000"
v\++?\xx"AA000"
v/88:/\x"000AAA"
v\+-?\ >"AAA000"
 /2f:/v\
v\*-?\xx"0000 AAA"
v/8c:/\x"00A AA0"
v\*-?\x>"000 AAA"
v/7c:/\"AA0 000"
v\*+?\"0000"
 /6b:/
v\*-?\"0000-AA"
 /5f:/
v\*-?\"0000AA0"
 /bc:/
v\+-?\"AAA-00A"
 /59:/
v\*+?\"000-AAA"
 /4a:/
v\*- ?\"000-000"
 /*a8:/
v\2+-?\"000AAA0"
 /*a8:/
v\9++?\"00000-AA"
 /*a8:/
v\5++?\"000-A00"
 /*a4:/
v\1+-?\"0000 000"
 /*a4:/
v\3+-?\"0000 AAA"
 /*a5:/
v\3++?\"AA0 00A"
 :63*+\:9a*4+-:aa*6++:73*+
 /*+9:/
v\***?\"000 AAA"
 8*-*$\::9a*-:4
 /7*ae/
v\++*?\"0000AAA"
 :4a*3\:aa*-:cb++:ca*4++:a7++:b+
v/**++/"0000-AAA"
v\***?/"AAA 000"
<ov?="A":v?="0":;?=1l
~!/0\v[0<
 l<1x/?=]!5
 +*2_/?= 1l
 -8::/*(~!*d2$**-2:-6:
^    >?!^"A"+o]
]~</0\v[0<
 l <1x/?=4
 + *2_<v?=1l
^n^?)9:<

Try it online, or watch it at the fish playground!

This code has two parts: matching the state to the pattern, then replacing the pattern with the random characters. Neither of these things is easy in ><>.

First of all, we read in two characters, and compute 2 c₁ - 9 c₂ + 533, where c₁ and c₂ are the two character codes. The 2 and the 9 were chosen so that the formula gives each state a unique value, and the offset of 533 was chosen to maximise the number of these values that can be made using only 3 ><> instructions — it ended up being 28 out of 41 of them. We then send the fish zig-zagging down through the code until it finds the right value, at which point it escapes the zig-zag, reads the appropriate pattern and enters the fast stream in the leftmost column down to Part 2. Some of the states, particularly the ones with a choice of multiple patterns, needed some special consideration, but I managed to reuse some pieces of the code to save a few bytes.

Next, aka Part 2, we have to replace the "A"s and "0"s with random letters and numbers respectively. The only random command in ><> is x, which sets the fish's direction randomly out of up, down, left and right — not conducive to choosing something uniformly out of 10 digits or 23 letters. Let's look at the numbers bit to see how the fish does it:

]~</0\v[0<
 l <1x<v?=4
 l 1=_?\2*+
^n^?)9:<

The fish enters from the top right. The fish sets up an empty stack — 0[ — then randomly pushes 1 or 0 with equal probability until the stack has length 4:

   /0\v
 l <1x<v?=4
     _

It then combines the four 1s and 0s together as if they were binary digits — l1=?\2*+ — giving a number from 0 to 15. If the result is greater than 9, it discards all the work it just did and tries again; otherwise, it prints the number and continues:

]~<   v[0<
     x<

^n^?)9:<

Making the random letters is much the same, except we also check that the result isn't "I", "O" or "Q" with ::8-:6-:2-**.

Answer 5

Perl 6, 492 350 bytes

{$_=('AKIAMSMPVT:7 3AS:4AZGAWA:74ARKSKYLANDOR:3 7CA:173CT:6-5DC:6-4FL:7 52IL:6 5IN:35,36,37,73MD:164MI:7 4,16 52,7 3MN:3-7NV:25-3NH:3 4NJ:52-7NM:3-7,7-3NYNCPATXVAWI:7-4OH:7 4OK:37PR:7-3RI:3-3SC:7 3,3 16TN:52-25UT:52 16'~~/$^a
[..]*?\:(<[\d]+[-\ ]>+)+%\,/)[0].pick;s:g/<[567]>/{[~]
(('A'..'Z')∖<I O Q>).pick xx($/-4)}/;S:g/\d/{[~] (^10).pick xx$/}/}

Try it online!

I was so far ahead after my first attempt, I didn't make much of an effort to pare the code down. Now I have.

In my encoding of the license plate patterns, the numbers 1-4 indicate a run of that many random digits, and the numbers 5-7 indicate of run of random permitted letters, of length four less than the number.

Answer 6

Mathematica, 635 507 470 bytes

p=RandomChoice;a_±b_:=a<>b;r=""±Characters@"ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ"~p~#&;j=""±ToString/@0~Range~9~p~#&;m=r@3;o=j@3;x=r@2;u=j@2;z=r@1;t=j@1;k=z±u±"-";w=m±" ";AS=y=j@4;AZ=GA=WA=m±y;CT=x±"-"±j@5;DC=x±"-"±y;FL=w±z±u;IL=x±" "±j@5;IN=p@{o±z,o±x,OK=o±m,s=m±o};CA=t±s;MD=t±x±y;MI=p@{OH=w±y,t±x±" "±z±u,AK=IA=MS=MP=VT=w±o};NV=u±z±"-"±o;NH=o±" "±y;NM=p@{MN=o±"-"±m,PR=m±"-"±o};NY=NC=PA=TX=VA=WI=m±"-"±y;RI=o±"-"±j@3;SC=p@{AR=KS=KY=LA=ND=OR=o±" "±m,VT};NJ=k±m;TN=k±u±z;UT=k±t±x;#&

-165 bytes from @JungHwanMin

input form

[NV]

Answer 7

PHP, 609 bytes

<?$k='9 3';$l='3 9';$m='9-4';$f=[AK=>$k,IA=>$k,MS=>$k,MP=>$k,VT=>$k,'AS'=>4,AZ=>94,GA=>94,WA=>94,AR=>$l,KS=>$l,KY=>$l,LA=>$l,ND=>$l,'OR'=>$l,CA=>193,CT=>'8-5',DC=>'8-4',FL=>'9 72',IL=>'8 5',IN=>'37X38X39X93',MD=>184,MI=>'9 31X18 72X9 3',MN=>'3-9',NV=>'27-3',NH=>'3 4',NJ=>'72-9',NM=>'3-9X9-3',NY=>$m,NC=>$m,PA=>$m,TX=>$m,VA=>$m,WI=>$m,OH=>"$k1",OK=>39,PR=>'9-3',RI=>'3-3',SC=>"$kX3 18",TN=>'72-27',UT=>'72 18'];$a=str_split(ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ);$n=range(0,9);$p=explode(X,$f[$argv[1]]);shuffle($p);for(;$c=$p[0][$i++];){if($c<1)echo$c;else for($j=0;$j<$c%6;$j++){echo$c>5?$a[rand(0,22)]:$n[rand(0,9)];}}

The main idea is to encode the license plate pattern with digits that indicate how many repetitions of a digit or letter follow. 1 to 5 refer to the number of digits while 7, 8 and 9 refer to 1, 2 or 3 letters, respectively. Multiple patterns are separated by an X, spaces and dashes are kept as-is. The state lookup is a simple array key lookup, redundant strings are put into variables to save space.

Ungolfed:

<?php
$f=[
    AK=>'9 3',
    IA=>'9 3',
    MS=>'9 3',
    MP=>'9 3', 
    VT=>'9 3',
    'AS'=>4,
    AZ=>94,
    GA=>94,
    WA=>94,
    AR=>'3 9',
    KS=>'3 9',
    KY=>'3 9',
    LA=>'3 9',
    ND=>'3 9',
    'OR'=>'3 9',
    CA=>193,
    CT=>'8-5',
    DC=>'8-4',
    FL=>'9 72',
    IL=>'8 5',
    IN=>'37X38X39X93',
    MD=>184,
    MI=>'9 31X18 72X9 3',
    MN=>'3-9',
    NV=>'27-3',
    NH=>'3 4',
    NJ=>'72-9',
    NM=>'3-9X9-3',
    NY=>'9-4',
    NC=>'9-4',
    PA=>'9-4',
    TX=>'9-4',
    VA=>'9-4',
    WI=>'9-4',
    OH=>'9 31',
    OK=>39,
    PR=>'9-3',
    RI=>'3-3',
    SC=>'9 3X3 18',
    TN=>'72-27',
    UT=>'72 18'
];
$a=str_split(ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ);
$n=range(0,9);
$p=explode('X',$f[$argv[1]]);
shuffle($p);
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($p[0]); $i++) {
    $c=$p[0][$i];
    if ($c < 1)
        echo $c;
    else {
        for ($j = 0; $j < $c % 6; $j++){
            echo $c > 5 ? $a[rand(0,22)] : $n[rand(0,9)];
        }
    }
}

Answer 8

PHP (Phar), 495 bytes

The binary Phar file can be downloaded here and can be run with php uslic.phar <state code>.

The base code used to generate the Phar is as follows (820 bytes):

<?$f=[AK=>'AAA 111',IA=>'AAA 111',MS=>'AAA 111',MP=>'AAA 111',VT=>'AAA 111','AS'=>'1111',AZ=>'AAA1111',GA=>'AAA1111',WA=>AAA1111,AR=>'111 AAA',KS=>'111 AAA',KY=>'111 AAA',LA=>'111 AAA',ND=>'111 AAA','OR'=>'111 AAA',CA=>'1AAA111',CT=>'AA-11111',DC=>'AA-1111',FL=>'AAA A11',IL=>'AA 11111',IN=>'111AX111AAX111AAAXAAA111',MD=>'1AA1111',MI=>'AAA 1111X1AA A11XAAA 111',MN=>'111-AAA',NV=>'11A-111',NH=>'111 1111',NJ=>'A11-AAA',NM=>'111-AAAXAAA-111',NY=>'AAA-1111',NC=>'AAA-1111',PA=>'AAA-1111',TX=>'AAA-1111',VA=>'AAA-1111',WI=>'AAA-1111',OH=>'AAA 1111',OK=>'111AAA',PR=>'AAA-111',RI=>'111-111',SC=>'AAA 111X111 1AA',TN=>'A11-11A',UT=>'A11 1AA'];$a=str_split(ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ);$n=range(0,9);$p=explode(X,$f[$argv[1]]);shuffle($p);for(;$i<strlen($p[0]);){$c=$p[0][$i++];echo$c==A?$a[rand(0,22)]:($c>0?$n[rand(0,9)]:$c);}

If you want to generate the Phar yourself from that code, you will need to do the following:

<?php
$phar = new Phar('uslic.phar', 0, 'u');
$phar->setSignatureAlgorithm(Phar::MD5);
$phar->addFile('s');
$phar['s']->compress(Phar::GZ);
$phar->setStub('<?include"phar://u/s";__HALT_COMPILER();');

Interestingly enough, this compresses better than a more golfed version.

The hexdump of the file is:

3C 3F 69 6E 63 6C 75 64 65 22 70 68 61 72 3A 2F 
2F 75 2F 73 22 3B 5F 5F 48 41 4C 54 5F 43 4F 4D 
50 49 4C 45 52 28 29 3B 20 3F 3E 0D 0A 30 00 00 
00 01 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 01 00 01 00 00 00 75 
00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 73 34 03 00 00 26 C8 A9 
59 76 01 00 00 E3 82 AE C9 B6 11 00 00 00 00 00
00 55 90 5D 6F 82 30 14 86 FF 8A 17 4D 0A B1 26 
E2 9D 43 34 1D 4C 45 04 19 20 A2 84 2C 04 41 4D 
0C 12 74 CB 92 65 FF 7D A5 AD A3 DC 34 7D CE C7 
FB 9E 73 26 33 50 68 31 B6 B4 29 C4 18 F7 14 45 
81 C8 C4 22 D9 7E 87 5C 91 C2 40 24 88 7D 48 58 
A1 80 0F 2C C5 68 81 45 DA 11 E2 80 B0 C7 5A 7A 
24 00 91 E5 77 68 2F D2 1A 8B E4 18 22 C1 8D 07 
45 D6 69 2D F3 20 C4 C6 1C 28 CC DE D0 5B 84 68 
BE E6 3B 60 BA 3B A3 1E 2F 35 1D A6 8A A3 E6 E1
2F 8E 9E C2 B6 C1 6C 58 B1 6D B6 D7 50 22 85 49 
46 ED E9 B8 D6 80 CD 1F 52 A2 53 10 5A F2 E9 99    
92 B3 6A 94 FE 4B ED B6 B1 91 E3 2D 7B E6 C6 D7 
70 F4 0E BA B8 83 41 D4 C1 B0 9B DD 99 1D DC 2C
85 3D 08 5A FC 06 CD 2C AE D7 96 42 E4 99 7C 32
4A BE DE F6 45 74 99 A6 23 70 F8 2E 44 01 A2 6D
C0 88 E6 12 15 A4 DA FD 51 7F DC AB EB E5 21 E1 
57 DD 78 9B 2F 96 2B 6B 6D 3B EE BB E7 07 DB 70
17 ED 0F B2 0A 4A AD 4E CB 53 2E 0D D1 98 50 A5 
E5 DF D5 F5 76 CC A5 08 81 22 06 69 7D FA 8A 95 
24 91 D5 FB F9 B3 28 AE B9 04 2A 59 2D 6E B5 A4 
82 CB 84 18 5C F3 92 84 E2 21 A9 90 7F 40 A6 D1 
7F 0C 2E FD 7E A2 E6 D9 F9 46 42 1A 9E 81 34 26 
2E 47 62 32 1A C9 C9 8B 04 B2 E9 70 06 CA 67 70 
4C 62 20 93 D5 DF 3F A0 DB 74 9C 07 ED A5 F7 4D 
BA 32 97 A2 E7 9C 83 01 00 00 00 47 42 4D 42 

Answer 9

Clojure, 502 501 bytes

#(apply str(for[E[repeatedly]c(rand-nth(cond('#{AK IA MS MP VT}%)["D 3"]('#{AR KS KY LA ND OR}%)["3 D"]('#{AZ GA WA}%)["D4"]1(case % AS["4"]CA["1D3"]CT["C-5"]DC["C-3"]FL["D B1"]IL["C 4"]IN["3B""3C""3D""D2"]MD["1C3"]MI["D 4""1C B2""D 2"]MN["3-C"]NV["2B-2"]NH["3 3"]NJ["B2-C"]NM["3-D""D-2"]OH["D 3"]OK["3C"]PR["D-2"]RI["3-2"]SC["D 3""3 1B"]TN["B2-2"]UT["B2 1B"]["D-4"])))r(cond((set"BCD")c)(E(-(int c)65)(fn[](rand-nth"ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ")))((set"1234")c)(E(-(int c)48)(fn[](rand-int 10)))1[c])]r))

The input argument is a symbol, not a string. This let me avoid many double-quotes. B - D encode repetitions A - AAA, 1 - 4 encode repetitions 0 - 0000.

Answer 10

Python 2, 438 bytes

import re,random
lambda s,R=range,C=random.choice:re.sub('\d',lambda c:''.join(C(['0123456789','ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ'][c.group()>'4'])for _ in R(int(c.group())%5+1)),C("063;6-3;072;3;7 2,2 06;6-4;51-15;2-7,7-2;7 2;;7 3;;6 4;2 7;2 7;2-2;25,26,27,72;2 7;;7 3,06 51,7 2;7 2;73;;2 3;;7 51;;73;7 2;2 7;;27;2 7;;7 2;7-2;;73;;51-7;;51 06;;2-7;15-2;7 2;;7-3".split(";")["MDCASCTNMSOHILARINDMIAZNHFLWAKSOKYMPRGANJUTMNVTOR".find(s)].split(",")))

Try it online!

Readable version: Try it online!

Note how the states string is only 49 letters long. I folded overlapping letters into one as much as possible (MD → DC → CA → AS → SC…) and omitted NY, NC, PA, TX, VA, WI which thus all map to -1.

In the list of codes, 12345 mean that many digits and 678 mean (that−5) many letters.

Answer 11

C (gcc), 473 469 bytes

Thanks to ceilingcat for -4 bytes.

A first feeble attempt. I suspect there is a way to shorten the strings substantially.

n,c,d,i;f(char*s){n=0;for(s=strstr("AKnIAnMSnMPnVTnAS`AZrGArWArARfKSfKYfLAfNDfORfCAlCTtDCsFLpILmINbcdqMDkMInojMNhNViNHgNJuNMhxNYyNCyPAyTXyVAyWIyOHoOKdPRxRIaSCoeTNvUTw",s)+2;s[n]>90;n++);for(s="4    3-3  3A   3B   3C   3 1B 3 C  3 4  3-C  2A-3 1B A21B4  1BA3 B 5  C 3  C 4  C A2 C3   C4   B-4  B-5  A2-C A2-2AA2 1BC-3  C-4  "+(s[rand()%n]-96)*5,n=5;d=c=*s++,n--;)for(c>57?i=c-64,c=65:c>47?i=c-48,c=48:(i=1);i--;putchar(d))while(i&&index("IOQ",d=rand()%(c>57?26:10)+c));}

Try it online!