# Rotate the Roots

Given a nonzero polynomial with integer coefficients and roots that are on the imaginary and on the real line such that if a is a root then so is -a, return another polynomial with the roots rotated by 90 degrees.

### Details

The polynomial can be given in any reasonable format, e.g. as a list of coefficients. The symmetry condition that a is a root if and only if -a is a root too enforces the rotated polynomial to have real integer coefficients as well.

### Examples

In the following the polynomials are given as a list of coefficient of the monomials in descending degree. (i.e. the constant comes last) The polynomial x^2-1 has roots {1,-1}. Rotating them by 90° means multiplying by i (the imaginary unit), so the output polynomial should have the roots {i,-i}, which is x^2 + 1.

Input / Output
[1 0 10 0 -127 0 -460 0 576]  [1 0 -10 0 -127 0 460 0 576]
[1 0 -4 0] [1 0 4 0]
[1] [1]

• May I take in the degree of the polynomial as well as the polynomial – Rohan Jhunjhunwala May 14 '17 at 15:19
• Yes I think that is acceptable. – flawr May 14 '17 at 16:01
• All your examples use monic polynomials. Can we assume the input polynomial will be monic? Does the output polynomial have to be monic? – Dennis May 14 '17 at 16:05
• No it can also have other leading coefficients than 1, and the output is also just defined up to a integral multiple. – flawr May 14 '17 at 16:07
• It seems the format doesn't have to be a list of coefficients. How far do the reasonable formats go? Can my format be a string expression in the indeterminate x, so that my submission can string-replace x with (i*x)? Can my format a function that evaluates the polynomial, so that my submission is to compose it with the function x -> i*x? – xnor May 14 '17 at 19:48

## Mathematica, 10 Bytes

Pure function which takes a function of x and substitutes in ix.

#/.x->I*x&


Alternative with only 7 bytes but not quite sure if it counts. Pure function which takes in a pure function and returns a function of x.

#[I*x]&

• And you didn't even need any builtins! – Neil May 14 '17 at 16:34
• I'm pretty sure a pure function polynomial is a "reasonable format" (like it was here) It uses # as the variable and has a & at the end. – JungHwan Min May 14 '17 at 17:14
• I would upvote this twice if I could – Greg Martin May 14 '17 at 17:23
• My only concern about the second answer was the mismatch between input (a pure function) and output (a function of x). – Ian Miller May 15 '17 at 0:16

# Jelly, 5 bytes

Jı*Ċ×


Try it online!

## How it works

Multiplies the first element by 1, the third element by -1, etc.

Jı*Ċ×  argument: z
J      [1,2,...,len(z)]
ı     i (the imaginary unit)
*    to the power of (each element)
Ċ   imaginary part
×  multiply by input (vectorize)


## Proof of algorithm

Let the polynomial be f(x).

Since we are guaranteed that if x is a root then so is -x, so f must be even, meaning that its coefficient for the odd powers must be 0.

Now, rotating the roots by 90° is essentially f(ix).

Expanding then comparing coefficients proves the algorithm.

• So, we need not touch the 2,4th,6th, 8th etc? – Rohan Jhunjhunwala May 14 '17 at 15:19
• Those are zero anyway. – flawr May 14 '17 at 15:21
• Your trick with ı*Ċ is very nice, you should explain it :) – Leo May 14 '17 at 19:01
• @Leo It's essentially a straightforward implementation though... – Leaky Nun May 15 '17 at 1:06
• The logic here is not quite right, because you can instead have all coefficients for even powers be 0. – Ørjan Johansen May 15 '17 at 1:52

## JavaScript (ES6), 25 bytes

a=>a.map((e,i)=>i%4?-e:e)


The original polynomial has solutions of the form x = ±a where a lies on the real or imaginary line. Except when a = 0 (in which case x is a factor of the polynomial), this means that x² - a² is a factor of the polynomial (which means alternate terms are always zero). Now when we rotate the roots, the factor changes to x² + a². Since all the factors change at the same time, the third term of the polynomial, which is the sum of all the -a² terms, changes sign, the fifth term, which is the sum of products of pairs of -a² terms, keeps the same sign, etc. alternating every other term.

# Octave, 27 bytes

@(x)round(poly(roots(x)*j))


Try it online!

This directly applies the definition: compute roots, multiply by j, convert back from roots to polynomial. A final rounding is necessary because of floating-point numerical errors.

# Python 3, 42 bytes

f=lambda x,s=1:x and[0,x[0]*s]+f(x[2:],-s)


Try it online!

# S.I.L.O.S, 71 66 bytes

readIO
b=i
lbla
d=c
d&2
i=i*(1-d)
printInt i
b-1
c+1
if b a


Try it online!

I have no clue what wizardry @Leaky Nun did here to save 5 bytes.

Took me a second to figure out, but The second bit of C will alternate like we want. Therefore @Leaky Nun exploited this to save the bits we need.

# TI-Basic, 20 bytes

seq(real(i^X/i)Ans(X),X,1,dim(Ans


If stored in prgmA, run with:

{1, 0, 3, 0, 1}:prgmA


seq( just had to be the one* command that doesn't support complex numbers. :)

*: Exaggeration

# Casio-Basic, 8 bytes

n|x=𝑖x


Unnamed function, using Ian Miller's Mathematica approach. The imaginary 𝑖 from the Math2 keyboard needs to be used (counts as 2 bytes, char code 769), and the polynomial should be entered as an equation of x.

7 bytes for the code, 1 byte to specify n as a parameter.

Explanation: Takes the equation n, then simply replaces all instances of x with 𝑖x.

# Pari/GP, 16 bytes

p->x=I*x;eval(p)


Try it online!

# Stax, 5 bytes

Æ[]▐↨


Run and debug online!

mih|1*