Task - The title pretty much sums it up: raise an integer x to power x, where 0<x.
Restrictions:
exp(), ln(), and any other powers-related language built-ins, like pow(), x^x, x**x is forbidden.Test cases:
Input | Output
---------------
2 | 4
3 | 27
5 | 3125
6 | 46656
10 | 10000000000
This is code-golf, so the shortest program in bytes wins.
/,$*_@
/,$*_@
/ # fold from right over
,$ # 1..input
* # multiplying
@ # result-so-far with
_ # input
|$+[*~]~
I posted the 9-byte answer and immediately found a way to improve it. This method uses $ to swap the top of the stack with the existing value in memory (0) then increments to get 1. It otherwise follows the same logic.
|s=1[*~]~
| parse input
s save input to memory
=1 set top of stack to 1
[ ]~ loop n times where n is the value in memory
*~ multiply the top of the stack by the value in memory
(print implicitly)
]0), and loop 0 times if implicitly 0 (e.g. ]~ where the value at the pointer is 0). Currently ]0 is equivalent to while(true)
\$\endgroup\$
Mar 29, 2023 at 7:12
-3 bytes thanks to language creator
┴‼*
try it online (uses 3 as example)
┴‼*
┴ ' do this function with the same value for both arguments
‼ ' repeat each element of [left] the-element-at-the-corresponding-index-of-[right] times
* ' multiply elements of resulting list
UPDATE 2 ::
and finally, the super overskill version that uses binary squaring algorithm, safely catches division by zero, and properly handles negative integer bases and negative integer exponents — that's quite a nifty bit of data sanity checking and edge case handling for 3 lines of code that has no hard-coded constants at all, plus avoiding use of the exponentiation operator (^ or **)
Center column is function output, and right most column is reference output.
It could even handle some extremely large magnitude negative exponents, like x^x for :
-16777213 ^ () -5.53904374025776e-121210664
-5.53904374025776e-121210664
-log(!_)exists within the function merely to return+inf
for __ in -3 -2 -1 0 '' -0 1 2 3; do
jot 13 -4 |
gawk -v PREC=2000 -Mbe '
func ____(___,__,_){return(__+=(_="")<__?_:___)<++_\
?(!__?_:___?_/____(___,-__):-log(!_)):__<++_?___\
:(__%_?___:!!_)*____(___*___,int(__/_))
} BEGIN { CONVFMT = "%.15g"
_ = ""
} ($++NF = " ^ (" (___) ")")^_ + \
($++NF = "|" ____(__=$!_,___))^_ + \
($++NF = "|" __^(_<___?___:__))' ___="$__"
done
1 -4 ^ (-3) -0.015625 -0.015625
2 -3 ^ (-3) -0.037037037037037 -0.037037037037037
3 -2 ^ (-3) -0.125 -0.125
4 -1 ^ (-3) -1 -1
5 0 ^ (-3) +inf +inf
6 1 ^ (-3) 1 1
7 2 ^ (-3) 0.125 0.125
8 3 ^ (-3) 0.037037037037037 0.037037037037037
9 4 ^ (-3) 0.015625 0.015625
10 5 ^ (-3) 0.008 0.008
11 6 ^ (-3) 0.00462962962962963 0.00462962962962963
12 7 ^ (-3) 0.00291545189504373 0.00291545189504373
13 8 ^ (-3) 0.001953125 0.001953125
14 -4 ^ (-2) 0.0625 0.0625
15 -3 ^ (-2) 0.111111111111111 0.111111111111111
16 -2 ^ (-2) 0.25 0.25
17 -1 ^ (-2) 1 1
18 0 ^ (-2) +inf +inf
19 1 ^ (-2) 1 1
20 2 ^ (-2) 0.25 0.25
21 3 ^ (-2) 0.111111111111111 0.111111111111111
22 4 ^ (-2) 0.0625 0.0625
23 5 ^ (-2) 0.04 0.04
24 6 ^ (-2) 0.0277777777777778 0.0277777777777778
25 7 ^ (-2) 0.0204081632653061 0.0204081632653061
26 8 ^ (-2) 0.015625 0.015625
27 -4 ^ (-1) -0.25 -0.25
28 -3 ^ (-1) -0.333333333333333 -0.333333333333333
29 -2 ^ (-1) -0.5 -0.5
30 -1 ^ (-1) -1 -1
31 0 ^ (-1) +inf +inf
32 1 ^ (-1) 1 1
33 2 ^ (-1) 0.5 0.5
34 3 ^ (-1) 0.333333333333333 0.333333333333333
35 4 ^ (-1) 0.25 0.25
36 5 ^ (-1) 0.2 0.2
37 6 ^ (-1) 0.166666666666667 0.166666666666667
38 7 ^ (-1) 0.142857142857143 0.142857142857143
39 8 ^ (-1) 0.125 0.125
40 -4 ^ (0) 1 1
41 -3 ^ (0) 1 1
42 -2 ^ (0) 1 1
43 -1 ^ (0) 1 1
44 0 ^ (0) 1 1
45 1 ^ (0) 1 1
46 2 ^ (0) 1 1
47 3 ^ (0) 1 1
48 4 ^ (0) 1 1
49 5 ^ (0) 1 1
50 6 ^ (0) 1 1
51 7 ^ (0) 1 1
52 8 ^ (0) 1 1
53 -4 ^ () 0.00390625 0.00390625
54 -3 ^ () -0.037037037037037 -0.037037037037037
55 -2 ^ () 0.25 0.25
56 -1 ^ () -1 -1
57 0 ^ () 1 1
58 1 ^ () 1 1
59 2 ^ () 4 4
60 3 ^ () 27 27
61 4 ^ () 256 256
62 5 ^ () 3125 3125
63 6 ^ () 46656 46656
64 7 ^ () 823543 823543
65 8 ^ () 16777216 16777216
(trimming out the -0 exponent ones since they're same as +0)
79 -4 ^ (1) -4 -4
80 -3 ^ (1) -3 -3
81 -2 ^ (1) -2 -2
82 -1 ^ (1) -1 -1
83 0 ^ (1) 0 0
84 1 ^ (1) 1 1
85 2 ^ (1) 2 2
86 3 ^ (1) 3 3
87 4 ^ (1) 4 4
88 5 ^ (1) 5 5
89 6 ^ (1) 6 6
90 7 ^ (1) 7 7
91 8 ^ (1) 8 8
92 -4 ^ (2) 16 16
93 -3 ^ (2) 9 9
94 -2 ^ (2) 4 4
95 -1 ^ (2) 1 1
96 0 ^ (2) 0 0
97 1 ^ (2) 1 1
98 2 ^ (2) 4 4
99 3 ^ (2) 9 9
100 4 ^ (2) 16 16
101 5 ^ (2) 25 25
102 6 ^ (2) 36 36
103 7 ^ (2) 49 49
104 8 ^ (2) 64 64
105 -4 ^ (3) -64 -64
106 -3 ^ (3) -27 -27
107 -2 ^ (3) -8 -8
108 -1 ^ (3) -1 -1
109 0 ^ (3) 0 0
110 1 ^ (3) 1 1
111 2 ^ (3) 8 8
112 3 ^ (3) 27 27
113 4 ^ (3) 64 64
114 5 ^ (3) 125 125
115 6 ^ (3) 216 216
116 7 ^ (3) 343 343
117 8 ^ (3) 512 512
====================================
UPDATE 1 ::: The shorter version that only does x^x, w/o binary squaring
jot 15 0 |
gawk 'func ___(__,_){$NF*=(__+=(""~__)*($++_+=!$_))>_?$_ ___(--__):_}!___()'
1
1
4
27
256
3125
46656
823543
16777216
387420489
10000000000
285311670611
8916100448256
302875106592253
11112006825558016
====================================
awk - a LOT of bytes (123 ?, per Deadcode), but it includes the full recursive binary squaring algorithm tailored for x^x without using any alphanumerics (other than unavoidable keywords like function and return) or the power (^ | **) operator :
jot 14 |
mawk 'function ____(__,___,_){return(___+=((_="")==___)*__)<(_+=++_)?\
__+!+__:(___%_?__:!!_)*____(__*__,int(___/_))}$++NF=____($_)'
0 1
1 1
2 4
3 27
4 256
5 3125
6 46656
7 823543
8 16777216
9 387420489
10 10000000000
11 285311670611
12 8916100448256
13 302875106592253
14 11112006825558016
Yes this is code golfing so mine is equivalent to Tiger Woods doing 10 strokes at a par 3 in Augusta, but unlike most other entries, this one scales nicely even for extremely large inputs, AND, also being POSIX-compliant (not that it matters for golfing)
@($n)*$n-join"*"|iex
Explanation
@($n)*$n-join"*"|iex # full command
@($n) # array consisting of single element
*$n # multiply the array element x times
-join"*" # joins all elements with * separating (3*3*3)
|iex # executes the provided expression
func(n int)int{p,i:=1,0
for;i<n;i++{p*=n}
return p}
Saved 3c
|x|(0..x).fold(1,|a,_|a*x)
|x|(0..x).map(|_|x).product()
g;?j₎×
Example input: 5
g Group: [5]
;? Pair with the Input: [[5], 5]
j₎ Juxtapose [5] 5 times: [5, 5, 5, 5, 5]
× Multiply
ri_a*:*
Explanation
ri e# Read an int from input
_ e# Duplicate it
a* e# Put the copy in the array and repeat it that many times
:* e# Take the product of the array
{[*] $_ xx$_}
$_ xx $_ evaluates to a list of $_ copies of $_ ($_ being the argument to the anonymous function), and then [*] reduces that list with multiplication.
ri_m*,
ri e# Read integer
_ e# Duplicate
m* e# Cartesian power. The first argument is interpreted as a range
, e# Number of elements. Implicitly display
#(apply *(repeat % %))
:)
{product([_]*_1)}
It's an anonymous function that takes it's input from the stream.
Explanation:
{product([_]*_1)}
{ } /* An anonymous function */
[_] /* An array containing the input value */
*_1 /* repeated times the input value */
product( ) /* Product of all values in the array */
This is my first attempt writing a recursive macro in dc. I am sure it is a sub-optimal solution which can be improved a lot.
dsr1+[lrr1-d1<F*]dsFxp
Edit: Thanks eush77! -4 bytes.
lr sequences at the end with two ds at the beginning.
\$\endgroup\$
x copies of x on the stack (and 1 of course), and x multiplications thereafter. So the ending can just be plain dsFxp.
\$\endgroup\$
lr wouldn't work here. It's my first time golfing in a stack-based language, so it feels very unusual. Thanks for your help!
\$\endgroup\$
May 10, 2017 at 18:46
@set n=1
@for /l %%i in (1,1,%1)do @set/an*=%1
@echo %n%
Only works for single-digit inputs due to 32-bit arithmetic.
Golfed 3 bytes thanks to @Neil
.+
1;$&$*1;$&$*1
{`1(?=1*;(1+);.)
$1
}`1$
\G1
Supports positive integers just as stated in the challenge.
jot -s* -b$1 $1|bc
Also runs on Linux if you install the jot utility:
sudo apt install athena-jot
,[->+>+<<]>>[-<<+>>]++++++++[<------<------>>-]<[->>+>>+<<<<]>>[-<<+>>]>>-[-<<<<<[>[>+>+<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<<-]>>[-<<+>>]>>>]<<<++++++++[-<<++++++>>]<<.
No built-ins ;)
How it works
, - get ascii input
[->+>+<<] - duplicate input
>>[-<<+>>] - shift inputs left to start
++++++++[<------<------>>-] - convert ascii into input numbers
<[->>+>>+<<<<] - get loop intervals (same as input #)
>>[-<<+>>] - shift input back again
>>-[-<<<<<[>[>+>+<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<<-]>> - iterated addition (multiplication)
[-<<+>>]>>> - Shift output back into input
]<<<++++++++[-<<++++++>>]<<. - convert final output to ascii
In a nutshell, this works by multiplying x (the input) by itself x times. (a.k.a. iterating iterated addition). The net result is x^x.
I/O
The program takes a single ASCII input, and processes it as it's ASCII index minus 48. The minus 48 is to normalize inputs of actual numbers (4 becomes 52 -> 52-48 -> 4). To input a number higher than 9, use the next corrosponging ASCII character (: -> 58-48 -> 10). The program ouputs in a similar fashion.
Test I/O
INPUT > PROCESSED INPUT >> OUTPUT > TRANSLATED OUTPUT
1 > 1 >> 1 > 1
2 > 2 >> 4 > 4
3 > 3 >> K > 27
Since there are no printable ASCII characters after an input of 3, it can only print numbers in theory. Though, you can check all inputs do in fact work on visualizers such as this.
prod(seq(Ans,A,1,Ans
Input is from Ans, output is stored in Ans.
Run with 5:prgmNAME:Ans (5 or other input) for visual output.
Generates a list of Ans copies of Ans, then finds the product.
@(n)(prod(n*ones(n,1)))
x->prod(x*ones(x))
f= part does need to be counted, because it's recursive, so it relies upon the function being named f in order to work properly
\$\endgroup\$
Jul 10, 2017 at 2:06
*/@$~
$~ shapes the argument into a list with as many items as it is, eg, 3 becomes 3 3 3.@ pipes the result into...*/ reduce by multiplicationv↕♦▼e
v↕ Multiply two items of the stack, to be evaluated
♦ Swap the top two items
▼ Decrement
e Evaluate ↕ that many times
%@![~!~1A]%1A[1A~W~]%:
-15 from Dion's improved input methods. -3 after modifying first loop to happen x+1 times.
%@ Gets multi digit input
![~!~1A]% x gets cloned x+1 times in the stack
1A[1A~W~]%: multiplies top 2 numbers x-1 times
0and that the expected output be specified (0or1or either). Finally, having to handle negative integers would be a nice addition to the challenge. \$\endgroup\$1for0^0. However,Foundation+ Swift returns 0 \$\endgroup\$0and instead specified that0<xin the lead-in. I also removed the restriction that code shouldn't throw errors; that should go without saying. Feel free to roll back if necessary. \$\endgroup\$