# Multiply two numbers

Input: Two decimal integers. These can be given to the code in standard input, as arguments to the program or function, or as a list.

Output: Their product, as a decimal integer. For example, the input 5 16 would lead to the output 80.

Restrictions: No standard loopholes please. This is , answer in lowest amount of bytes wins.

Notes: Layout stolen from my earlier challenge, Add two numbers.

Test cases:

1 2   -> 2
4 5   -> 20
7 9   -> 63
-2 8  -> -16
8 -9  -> -72
-8 -9 -> 72
0 8   -> 0
0 -8  -> 0
8 0   -> 0
-8 0  -> 0
0 0   -> 0


Or as CSV:

a,b,c
1,2,2
4,5,20
7,9,63
-2,8,-16
8,-9,-72
-8,-9,72
0,8,0
0,-8,0
8,0,0
-8,0,0
0,0,0


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body{text-align:left!important}#answer-list,#language-list{padding:10px;width:290px;float:left}table thead{font-weight:700}table td{padding:5px}
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• @FlipTack That's assuming addition and multiplication are as easy in any language, which I don't know if it's actually true. – Fatalize Jan 9 '17 at 8:13
• I don't think it's fair to allow the "add two numbers" challenge but close this one. Even though it's very trivial in most programming languages, it's still a valid challenge. If this is too broad, then the "add two numbers" challenge must also be too broad. – Mego Jan 9 '17 at 8:42
• Anyone is free to downvote trivial challenges if they don't like them, but this is a perfectly valid and on-topic challenge and it's nowhere near "too broad" (if anything, you might call a trivial challenge too narrow). I'm reopening this. That said, if anyone feels that trivial challenges insult their intelligence, I encourage them to seek out languages that make the task less trivial. – Martin Ender Jan 9 '17 at 9:19
• Uo next: Subtract two numbers! – steenbergh Jan 9 '17 at 12:57
• @wat Leaving no barrel-bottom unscraped, eh? – Gareth Jan 10 '17 at 12:39

# Brachylog V1, 05AB1E, J, K, Underload, MATL, Forth, PigeonScript, Stacked, Implicit, Jolf, Clojure, Braingolf, 8th, Common Lisp, Julia, Pyt, Appleseed, Stax, Reality, dc 1 byte

*


You may edit this answer to add other languages for which * is a valid answer.

• Polygot, 05AB1E and like 5 other languages. – Magic Octopus Urn Jan 9 '17 at 17:41
• I edited Underload into this. It's possibly the most interesting of these, because Underload does not have a 1 byte method of doing subtraction, division, or addition. – user62131 Jan 12 '17 at 15:13
• Here's another one: codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/106187/62257 – Baaing Cow Feb 22 '17 at 0:23
• This isn't valid in Pyth. Pyth doesn't take implicit input like this. – isaacg Dec 9 '17 at 2:27
• Added Julia, eg *(5,16) – gggg Jan 16 '18 at 23:36

# C (GCC), 13 bytes

Doesn't work on all implementations, but that's OK.

f(a,b){a*=b;}


Try it on TIO!

• Wait, is this supposed to somehow return a? I don't get it... – Erik the Outgolfer Jan 9 '17 at 15:23
• An explanation to how this works would be helpful. (a is a local stack variable to f() - why is its value returned?). +1, btw - very clever abuse of the ABI. – Digital Trauma Jan 9 '17 at 17:29
• @EriktheOutgolfer The return keyword simply places the redult of the its argument in the EAX register. In this case, the generated executable does the computation of a*b in that register, so return doesn't do anything. – Dennis Jan 9 '17 at 18:03
• Hey, that was my trick! codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/106067/18535 :-) – G B Jan 10 '17 at 13:03
• So happy to see C at the top for once! You can actually shave off about 9 bytes by simply replacing the f(a,b){a*=b;} part with 1##& and then just changing your language to Mathematica. – Albert Renshaw Feb 8 '17 at 23:40

# Beatnik, 888 bytes

k I
j k ZZZZX z
xw k C vp yQ KD xw z j k ZZZZX z
j k ZZZD z xw bZ ZX
k XX z qs xw vp xw xw vp xw vp vp vp k I Xj ZZD hd
xw yQ K k ZZZZX xo exx
qs yQ XA xw xw xw xw z xw bZ K
xw xw k I
j k ZZZZX z
xw k C vp yQ XA hd k I z j k ZZZZX z
j xw k A vp bZ ZX
k ZZZZX z qs xw vp xw xw vp xw vp vp vp k I Xj ZZD hd
xw yQ K k ZZZZX xo exx
qs yQ F k ZZZZK xo
vp
xw xw z qs xw bZ X xw k I z xw Xj K
qs xw bZ KA vp qs xw Xj C hd
qs z xw xw xw xw z qs
xw xw xw xw z qs k I qs k I z xw Xj ZC
qs bZ ZZZX qs xw yQ C hd xw
k I vp qs k I qs
xw Xj ZZC hd hd z Kz ZZD
k I z xw xw xw xw z qs k I qs k I Xj ZZZZF
z
xw xw z qs xw bZ X xw k I z xw Xj K
qs xw bZ KA vp qs xw Xj C hd
z qs xw
xw xw z qs xw bZ X xw k I z xw Xj K
qs xw bZ KA vp qs xw Xj C hd
z vp
xw xw z qs
xw xw z qs
k I qs
xw bZ ZZX k I z qs k I vp
xw k ZA z yQ ZA hd qs k I vp qs k I Xj ZZKD
qs xw Xj ZZK
hd qs xw Xj ZZZZ hd
k ZZZZKD vp xo xw Xj K


Try it online!

I'm using the C interpreter because the Python interpreter on TIO annoyingly executes the address if the condition for jumping backward isn't met. An easy workaround for the Python interpreter is to pad some nops to make the address nop. I believe neither is correct:

                                   C       Python  My interpretation
IP after skiping N words           IP+N+1  IP+N+2  IP+N+2
IP after skiping back N words      IP-N    IP-N+1  IP-N+2
IP after not skiping N words       IP+2    IP+2    IP+2
IP after not skiping back N words  IP+2    IP+1    IP+2


Input should be two integers separated by a space, without trailing newlines.

This answer works in theory for all integers, if each cell can store an arbitrarily large value, not limited to 0 - 255. But it overflows if |A|+|B| > 22. And it runs very slowly if |A|+|B| > 6. So there is not many cases you can actually test and an if-else solution for those cases might be even shorter.

The idea is to compute the triangular numbers T(N) = N(N+1)/2 by decrementing the value to 0 and summing up all the intermediate values. Then we can get the answer A*B = T(A+B) - T(A) - T(B).

But it is tricky to compute all the 3 values. It does this by firstly computing T(A+B) - A, leaving a copy of A in the stack to add back later, and using up the input B. Then recursively find the greatest triangular number smaller than that, which is T(A+B-1) except for the zero special cases. We can get back B = T(A+B) - A - T(A+B-1) and compute T(B) from there.

A number N is a triangular number iff it equals to the greatest triangular number smaller than N, plus the number of non-negative triangular numbers smaller than N. This runs in O(2^(T(A+B)-A)) and is the slowest part in the program.

k I                                         Push 1
j k ZZZZKAAA z                              Input and decrement by 48.
xw k AAA vp yQ (input_a_loop)               If the character was '-':
xw z j k ZZZZKAAA z                           Replace with 0 and input another.
input_a_loop:
j k ZZZAA z xw bZ (input_a_end)             Input and break if it is a space.
k ZKA z qs xw vp xw xw vp xw vp vp vp       Otherwise multiply the previous
k I Xj (input_a_loop)                       Continue the loop.
xw yQ (check_sign) k ZZZZKAAA xo exx        If A=0, print 0 and exit.
Stack: ?, A_is_positive, A
check_sign:
qs yQ (check_sign_else)                     If A is positive... or not,
xw xw xw xw z xw bZ (check_sign_end)          in either cases, push 2 copies
check_sign_else: xw xw k I                    of A and the negated flag back
check_sign_end:                               as a constant.
Stack: A, A, A, A_is_negative
j k ZZZZKAAA z                              Similar for B.
xw k AAA vp yQ (input_b_loop)               If the character was '-':
hd k I z j k ZZZZKAAA z                       Decrement the flag and input another.
input_b_loop:
j xw k A vp bZ (input_b_end)                EOF is checked instead of a space.
k ZZZZKAAA z qs xw vp xw xw vp xw vp vp vp
k I Xj (input_b_loop)
input_b_end: hd
xw yQ (output_sign) k ZZZZKAAA xo exx       If B=0, print 0 and exit.
Stack: A, A, A, A*B_is_negative, B
output_sign:
qs yQ (output_sign_end) k ZZZZK xo          If negative, output '-'.
output_sign_end:

vp                                          Add.        Stack: A, A, A+B
xw xw z qs                                  Insert a 0. Stack: A, A, 0, A+B.
xw bZ { xw k I z xw Xj }                    Copy and decrement while nonzero.
Stack: A, A, 0, A+B, A+B-1, ..., 0
qs xw bZ { vp qs xw Xj } hd                 Add while the second value in the
stack is nonzero.
Stack: A, A, T(A+B)
qs z xw xw xw xw z qs                       Stack: A, C0=T(A+B)-A, C0, F0=0, C0

expand_loop:
xw xw xw xw z qs k I qs                     Stack: A, C0, C0, F0=0,
..., [P=C, P, S=0, F=1], C
dec_expand: k I z xw Xj (expand_loop)       Decrement and continue if nonzero.
Stack: [P=1, P, S, F], C=0
The last number 0 is assumed to
be a triangular number.
test: qs bZ (extract_end)                   If F=0, break.
qs xw yQ (test_not_first) hd xw             If S=0, it's the first triangular
number below previous C. Set S=C.
test_not_first: k I vp qs k I qs            S+=1 and restore F=1.
xw Xj (dec_expand)                          If C!=0, recursively expand from C-1.
hd hd z Kz (test)                           If S=P, P is a triangular number,
k I z xw xw xw xw z qs k I qs               Otherwise, decrement P and try again.
k I Xj (dec_expand)
extract_end:                                Stack: A, C0, C0, T(A+B-1)

z                                           Subtract and get B.
xw xw z qs xw bZ { xw k I z xw Xj }         Computes T(B).
qs xw bZ { vp qs xw Xj } hd
Stack: A, C0, T(B)
z qs xw                                     Stack: C0-T(B), A, A

xw xw z qs xw bZ { xw k I z xw Xj }         Computes T(A).
qs xw bZ { vp qs xw Xj } hd
z vp                                        Get A*B=(C0-T(B))+(A-T(A))
xw xw z qs                                  Stack: 0, X=A*B

divide: xw xw z qs                          Stack: 0, ..., Y=0, X
subtract: k I qs                            Stack: 0, ..., Y, Z=1, X
xw bZ {                                     While X!=0:
k I z qs k I vp                               X-=1, Z+=1.
xw k ZA z yQ (not_ten)                        But if Z=11:
hd qs k I vp qs k I Xj (subtract)               Y+=1, reset Z and restart the loop.
not_ten: qs xw Xj }
hd qs xw Xj (divide)                        Put Z under Y and make Y the new X,
continue the loop if X!=0.

print_loop:
k ZZZZKAA vp xo xw Xj (print_loop)          Add each cell by 47 and print.

• Woah. Just... woah. I've place the bounty, you'll get it in 7 days. – NieDzejkob Apr 14 '18 at 8:39

# Mathematica, 4 bytes

1##&


Example usage: 1##&[7,9] returns 63. Indeed, this same function multplies any number of arguments of any type together.

As Mathematica codegolfers know, this works because ## refers to the entire sequence of arguments to a function, and concatenation in Mathematica (often) represents multiplication; so 1## refers to (1 times) the product of all the arguments of the function. The & is just short for the Function command that defines a pure (unnamed) function.

Inside other code, the common symbol * does act as multiplication. So does a space, so that 7 9 is interpreted as 7*9 (indeed, the current REPL version of Mathematica actually displays such spaces as multiplication signs!). Even better, though, if Mathematica can tell where one token starts and another ends, then no bytes at all are needed for a multiplication operator: 5y is automatically interpreted as 5*y, and 3.14Log[9] as 3.14*Log[9].

• What makes ##& invalid? – Lynn Aug 12 '18 at 12:44
• ##& returns its list of arguments as a 'Sequence' object—suitable for plugging into other functions that take multiple arguments. In this context, ##& doesn't do anything to its list of arguments; we want that list to be multiplied together. – Greg Martin Aug 12 '18 at 17:31

# Retina, 3837 31 bytes

Completely new approach, the old one is below.

M!-
*\)-¶-

.*
$*_ _$'$*_ _  Try it online! ### Explanation First, we deal with the sign: M!-  matches all - in the string and returns them separated by newlines *\)-¶-  (with a following empty line) *\) means the result of this and the previous stages should be printed without a newline, and then the string reverted to what it was before (the input string). The remaining part removes two - separated by a newline. Then we convert the first number to unary: .*$*_


(there's a space at the end of the first line). We use _ as our unary digit in this case, because the standard digit 1 can be present in the second number, and this would conflict later.

Now we get to the actual multiplication:

_
$'$*_


Each _ is replaced by the unary representation of everything following it (still using _ as the unary digit). Since conversion to unary ignores non-digit characters, this will repeat the unary representation of the second number for "first number" times. The second number will remain in decimal representation at the end of the string.

In the end, with a single _ we return the number of _ in the string, which will be the result of the multiplication.

Previous answer: (warning: outputs an empty string when it should output 0)

## Retina,  45 42 41 bytes

Let's play a game! Multiply relative numbers with a language which has no arithmetic operators and limited support only for natural numbers... Sounds funny :)

O^^|-
--

\d+
$* 1(?=1* (1*))?$1
1+
$.&  ### Explanation The first three lines deal with the sign: O^^|-  This sorts O and then reverses ^ all strings matching the regex ^|-. In practice this matches the empty string at the start, and the eventual minus sign before the second number, and reorders them placing the empty string in the place of the minus. After this, all - are at the beginning of the string, and a pair of them can be removed easily with the next two lines. After that, we use a builtin to convert numbers to unary representation, and then comes the actual multiplication: 1(?=1* (1*))?$1


We match any 1, and substitute each of them with all the 1 after a following space. Each digit of the first number will be replaced by the full second number, while each digit of the second number will be replaced by the empty string.

The last part is again a builtin to convert back from unary to decimal.

Try it online!

• I wish I could upvote submission each time you golf it, nice job! – user41805 Feb 18 '17 at 10:03
\G1
_
_|1+
$' 1  Input is linefeed-separated. Try it online! (Space-separated test suite for convenience.) ### Explanation The first two stages print a minus sign if exactly one of the two inputs is negative. They do this without actually changing the input. This is done by grouping them in the second stage with ) and turning them into a dry-run with *. The \ option on the second stage prevents printing a trailing linefeed. [^-]  First, we remove everything except the minus signs. *\)--  Then we cancel the minus signs if there are two of them left. .+$*


Now we convert each line to the unary representation of its absolute value. This will get rid of the minus sign because $* only looks for the first non-negative number in the match (i.e. it doesn't know about minus signs and ignores them). \G1 _  The first line is converted to _, by matching individual 1s as long as their adjacent to the previous match (hence, we can't match the 1s on the second line, because the linefeed breaks this chain). _|1+$'


This performs the actual multiplication. We replace each _ (on the first line) as well as the entire second line everything after that match. The _ matches will therefore include the entire second line (multiplying it by the number of 0s in the first line), and the second line will be removed because there is nothing after that match. Of course the result will also include some junk in the form of _s and linefeeds, but that won't matter.

1


We finish by simply counting the number of 1s in the result.

# MATLAB, 5 4 bytes

@dot


dot takes the dot product of two vectors of equal length. If we feed it with two scalars, it will simply multiply the two numbers.

prod takes the product of the values in all rows of each column of a matrix. If the matrix is one-dimensional (i.e. a vector), then it acts along the non-singleton dimension, taking the product of all elements in the vector.

dot is one byte shorter than prod which is one byte shorter than the even more obvious builtin times.

Call it as such:

@dot
ans(3,4)
ans =
12


# PigeonScript, 1 byte

*


Explanation:
* looks to the stack to see if there is anything there. If not, it prompts for input and multiplies the inputs together

• This should be added here instead – mbomb007 Feb 17 '17 at 19:15

# Perl 6, 4 bytes

&[*]


This is just the ordinary infix multiplication operator *, expressed as an ordinary function. As a bonus, if given one number it returns that number, and if given no numbers it returns 1, the multiplicative identity.

• Alternative 4 UTF-8 byte solution: *×* – nwellnhof Apr 14 '18 at 14:15

# ><>, 5 Bytes

i|;n*


Takes input as an ascii character, outputs a number.

### Explanation:

i                        | Get input.
|                       | Mirror: Change the pointer's direction.
i                        | Get input again.
*                    | Loop around to the right side. Multiply
n                     | Print the value on the stack, as a number
;                      | End the program


You could also do

ii*n;


But I feel my solution is waaay cooler.

Another possibility is dropping the semicolon, which would result in the pointer bouncing off the mirror, hitting the print command, and throwing an error since the stack is empty.

# Intel 8080 machine code, MITS Altair 8800, 28 bytes

This implements binary multiplication on the Intel 8080 CPU (c. 1974) which did not have multiplication or division instructions. Inputs are 8-bit values and the product is a 16-bit value returned in the BC register pair.

Here is the machine code along with step-by-step instructions to load the program into an Altair 8800 using the front panel switches.

Step    Switches 0-7    Control Switch  Instruction Comment
1                       RESET
2       00 001 110      DEPOSIT         MVI  C, 5   Load multiplier into C
3       00 000 101      DEPOSIT NEXT                value is 5
4       00 010 110      DEPOSIT NEXT    MVI  D, 16  Load multiplicand into D
5       00 010 000      DEPOSIT NEXT                value is 16
6       00 000 110      DEPOSIT NEXT    MVI  B, 0   clear B register (high byte of result)
7       00 000 000      DEPOSIT NEXT
8       00 011 110      DEPOSIT NEXT    MVI  E, 9   set loop counter E multiplier size
9       00 001 001      DEPOSIT NEXT                (8 bits + 1 since loop ends in middle)
10      01 111 001      DEPOSIT NEXT    MOV  A, C   move multiplier into A for shift
11      00 011 111      DEPOSIT NEXT    RAR         shift right-most bit to CF
12      01 001 111      DEPOSIT NEXT    MOV  C, A   move back into C
13      00 011 101      DEPOSIT NEXT    DCR  E      decrement loop counter
14      11 001 010      DEPOSIT NEXT    JZ   19 00  loop until E=0, then go to step 27
15      00 011 001      DEPOSIT NEXT
16      00 000 000      DEPOSIT NEXT
17      01 111 000      DEPOSIT NEXT    MOV  A, B   move sum high byte into A
18      11 010 010      DEPOSIT NEXT    JNC  14 00  add if right-most bit of
19      00 010 100      DEPOSIT NEXT                multiplier is 1, else go to 22
20      00 000 000      DEPOSIT NEXT
22      00 011 111      DEPOSIT NEXT    RAR         shift right new multiplier/sum
23      01 000 111      DEPOSIT NEXT    MOV  B, A   move back into B
24      11 000 011      DEPOSIT NEXT    JMP  08 00  go to step 10
25      00 001 000      DEPOSIT NEXT
26      00 000 000      DEPOSIT NEXT
27      11 010 011      DEPOSIT NEXT    OUT  255    display contents of A on data panel
28      11 111 111      DEPOSIT NEXT
30      01 110 110      DEPOSIT NEXT    HLT         Halt CPU
31                      RESET                       Reset program counter to beginning
32                      RUN
33                      STOP


Try it online!

If you've entered it all correctly, on the machine state drawer in the simulator your RAM contents will look like:

0000    0e 05 16 10 06 00 1e 09 79 1f 4f 1d ca 19 00 78
0010    d2 14 00 82 1f 47 c3 08 00 d3 ff 76


Input

Multiplier in C register, and multiplicand into D. The stock Altair has no STDIN so input is by front panel switches only.

Output

The result is displayed on the D7-D0 lights (top right row) in binary.

5 x 16 = 80 (0101 0000)

4 x 5 = 20 (0001 0100)

7 x 9 = 63 (0011 1111)

8 x -9 = -72 (1011 1000)

Compatibility note: this should also run on the IMSAI 8080, though currently untested.

## C#, 10 bytes

a=>b=>a*b;


It's just a simply multiplication.

• You beat me to it! – TheLethalCoder Jan 9 '17 at 14:27
• How does the => => work? I'd expect (a,b)=>a*b; – Carra Jan 11 '17 at 10:54
• @Carra It works, that this lambda expression returns a delegate, which returns the result, so you call it this way, if you call this lambda f:f(a)(b). – Horváth Dávid Jan 11 '17 at 11:27
• This would be a form of function currying – ThePlasmaRailgun Apr 1 '19 at 20:33

# Jelly, 1 byte

×


Try it online!

Obligatory Jelly submission.

## Clojure, 1 byte

*


:P As a bonus this works on any number of arguments:

[(*)
(* 2)
(* 2 3)
(* 2 3 4)
(* 2 3 4 5)] => [1 2 6 24 120]


Interestingly you can easily get its source code:

(source *)
(defn *
"Returns the product of nums. (*) returns 1. Does not auto-promote
{:inline (nary-inline 'multiply 'unchecked_multiply)
:inline-arities >1?
([] 1)
([x] (cast Number x))
([x y] (. clojure.lang.Numbers (multiply x y)))
([x y & more]
(reduce1 * (* x y) more)))


# Owk, 11 bytes

λx.λy.x*y


This can be assigned to a function like this:

multiply:λx.λy.x*y


and called like this:

result<multiply(a,b)

• Does this not work? Please explain the doe vote. – Conor O'Brien Jan 11 '17 at 12:19
• I wasn't the downvoter, but I think I can guess what happened: this is a very trivial question (and thus very heavily downvoted, but with many upvotes cancelling that out), and likely to attract people who downvote trivial questions. This answer's also fairly trivial, and it's likely that some of the people who downvote trivial questions also like to downvote trivial answers. (Personally, I prefer to leave trivial answers at 0, so I'm not voting either way on this one.) – user62131 Jan 12 '17 at 15:22