Sloping Binary Numbers

Question

Given an integer n, output the first n sloping binary numbers, either 0- or 1-indexed. They are called this because of how they are generated:

Write numbers in binary under each other (right-justified):

........0
........1
.......10
.......11
......100
......101
......110
......111
.....1000
.........

Then, you need to take each diagonal from bottom-left to top-right, such that each final digit is the final digit of a diagonal. Here's the fourth diagonal (zero-indexed) marked with x's, which is 100:

........0
........1
.......10
.......11
......10x
......1x1
......x10
......111
.....1000
.........

The upward-sloping diagonals in order are:

0
11
110
101
100
1111
1010
.......

Then, convert to decimal, giving 0, 3, 6, 5, 4, 15, 10, ...

OEIS A102370

This is code-golf, so the shortest code in bytes wins.

Answer 1

Jelly, 11 bytes

ḤḶBUz0ŒDUḄḣ

Try it online!

Explanation

ḤḶBUz0ŒDUḄḣ    Main link. Argument: n
Ḥ              Double the argument. This ensures there are enough
               rows, since n + log2(n) <= 2n.
 Ḷ             Get range [0 .. 2n-1].
  B            Convert each number to binary.
   U           Reverse each list of digits. 
    z0         Transpose, padding with zeroes to a rectangle.
      ŒD       Get the diagonals of the rectangle, starting from the
               main diagonal. This gets the desired numbers, reversed,
               in binary, with some extras that'll get dropped.
        U      Reverse each diagonal.
         Ḅ     Convert each diagonal from binary to a number.
          ḣ    Take the first n numbers.

The transpose is the simplest way to pad the array for the diagonals builtin to work. Then the reverses are added to get everything in the correct order.

Answer 2

JavaScript (ES6), 53 bytes

n=>[...Array(n)].map(g=(j=1,i)=>j>i?0:j&i|g(j+j,i+1))

0-indexed. It's not often I get to use a recursive function as a parameter to map.

Answer 3

Mathematica, 46 bytes

Plus@@@Table[BitAnd[n+k,2^k],{n,0,#},{k,0,n}]&

Unnamed function taking a nonnegative integer # as input and returning the 0-index sequence up to the #th term. Constructs the sloping binary numbers using BitAnd (bitwise "and") with appropriate powers of 2.

Answer 4

Python3, 63 61 bytes

lambda i:[sum(n+k&2**k for k in range(n+1))for n in range(i)]

Uses the formula from OEIS.

-2 bytes thanks to Luis Mendo! i+1 --> i

Answer 5

PHP, 68 bytes

for(;$n++<$argv[1];print$s._)for($s=$i=0;$i<$n;)$s|=$n+$i-1&1<<$i++;

takes input from command line argument, prints numbers separated by underscores. Run with -r.

Answer 6

MATL, 18 17 bytes

:q"@tt:+5MW\~fWs+

Try it online!

This uses the formula from OEIS:

a(n) = n + Sum_{ k in [1 2... n] such that n + k == 0 mod 2^k } 2^k

Code:

:q"     % For k in [0 1 2 ...n-1], where n is implicit input
  @     %   Push k
  tt    %   Push two copies
  :     %   Range [1 2 ... k]
  +     %   Add. Gives [n+1 n+2 ... n+k]
  5M    %   Push [1 2... k] again
  W     %   2 raised to that
  \     %   Modulo
  ~f    %   Indices of zero entries
  W     %   2 raised to that
  s     %   Sum of array
  +     %   Add
        % End implicitly. Display implicitly

Answer 7

Perl 6, 59 43 bytes

{map ->\n{n+sum map {2**$_ if 0==(n+$_)%(2**$_)},1..n},^$_}

{map {sum map {($_+$^k)+&2**$k},0..$_},^$_}

Uses the formula from the OESIS page.
Update: Switched to the bitwise-and based formula from TuukkaX's Python answer.

Perl 6, 67 bytes

{map {:2(flip [~] map {.base(2).flip.comb[$++]//""},$_..2*$_)},^$_}

Naive solution.
Converts the numbers that are part of the diagonal to base 2, takes the correct digit of each, and converts the result back to base 10.

Answer 8

Jelly, 15 bytes

2*ḍ+
ḶçЀḶUḄ+Ḷ’

This would be shorter than the other Jelly answer if we had to print only the n^th term.

Try it online!

Answer 9

R, 66 bytes

function(n,k=0:length(miscFuncs::bin(n-1)))sum(bitwAnd(k+n-1,2^k))

Unnamed function which uses the bin function from the miscFuncs package to calculate the length of n represented in binary and then using one of the OEIS formulas.