Generate a mantis's head (symmetrical triangle)

Question

Given guaranteed strictly positive integers \$w\$ and \$n\$, output

• An equilateral triangle array with side length \$w\$, filled with two distinct, consistent values. I'll call these 0 and 1 but they do not have to be equal to 0 and 1.
• The number of 1s inside this array must be equal to \$n\$.
• The output triangle must be symmetrical, meaning that it is the same when flipped horizontally or diagonally (your choice).
• An equilateral triangle array can be an array with \$w\$ elements where for \$1\$ to \$w\$ (inclusive), there is a sub-array with that number of elements inside of \$w\$ (for example, but it may be outputted via ascii-art, see below).

(\$n\$ values are guaranteed to fit in the triangle)

Examples

w=3, n=1
  1
 0 0
0 0 0

w=3, n=2
  0
 1 1
0 0 0

w=3, n=3
  1
 1 1
0 0 0

w=3, n=4
  0
 1 1
1 0 1

w=3, n=5
  0
 1 1
1 1 1

w=3, n=6
  1
 1 1
1 1 1

Valid Output Format List

In this case the distinct values are 1 and 0. Possible output triangles (all considered equivalent) with 1s at their corners and center and a width of 4 are:

   1
  0 0
 0 1 0
1 0 0 1

1
00
010
1001

[[1],[0,0],[0,1,0],[1,0,0,1]]

1 0 0 1
 0 1 0
  0 0
   1

[[1],[0,0],[0,1,0],[1,0,0,1]]

1
0
00
11
00
0
1

1
 0
0 0
 1 1
0 0
 0
1

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here is a test case validator in Jq, takes {"w": w, "n": n, "a": result you wish to check} (in the JSON array format like [[1],[0,0],[0,1,0],[1,0,0,1]])

Answer 1

Jelly, 15 bytes

RØ.ṗŒpFS=ɗƇUƑƇḢ

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-1 byte thanks to caird coinheringaahing

RØ.ṗŒpFS=ɗƇUƑƇḢ  Main Link; accepts w as the left argument and n as the right argument
R                Range; [1, 2, ..., w]
 Ø.ṗ             [0, 1] ~ cartesian power ~ ^
    Œp           Cartesian Product of ^'s items - this gets all valid triangles of the right size
      ---ɗƇ      Keep elements where
       S         the sum of
      F          the triangle flattened
        =        equals (right argument)
             Ƈ   Keep elements where
            Ƒ    the element is the same when
           U     each sub-list is reversed
              Ḣ  Get the first such triangle

Answer 2

JavaScript (ES6), 54 bytes

A much shorter approach. I think this is equivalent to @ovs' answer.

Expects (n)(w). Returns a list of lists, from bottom to top.

n=>g=w=>w?[Array(w).fill(n<w?0:(n-=w,1)),...g(w-1)]:[]

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JavaScript (ES6),  88  85 bytes

This one inserts \$1\$'s as soon as it can.

Expects (n)(w). Returns a list of lists, from bottom to top.

n=>g=w=>w?[(h=q=>k--?k--?[q=n>1?--n/n--:0,...h(),q]:[n&&n/n--]:[])(k=w),...g(w-1)]:[]

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Answer 3

Japt, 20 bytes

ò1 Ô®>V?Zî0:(VµZ,Zî1

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• we start from the biggest row, if n is not smaller than its length we fill the row with 1s

• we can always put the rest of 1s on the next lines.

• filling entire rows gives a specular triangle.

  - input: U=w , V=n
  ò1 Ô   - range[1..w] reversed
  ®      - map to Z=>
  >V?    - if Z>n
  Zî0     * string of Z 0s
  :(     - else
  VµZ,    * n-=Z and..
  Zî1     * string of Z 1s
  

Answer 4

Python 3.8, 47 bytes

Returns a nested list of booleans.

f=lambda w,n:w*[1]and[[x:=n>=w]*w]+f(w-1,n-w*x)

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Answer 5

05AB1E, 20 12 bytes

Based on the observation that all outputs can be created by having each row as all 1's or all 0's. Check out AZTECCO's answer, which got there an hour earlier.

1ÝIã.ΔƶOQ}ā×

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1Ý            # push the range [0..1] == [0, 1]
  Iã          # raise this to the first input (w) cartesian power
              # this yields all w-tuples of 1's and 0's
    .Δ   }    # find the first that satisfies:
      ƶ       #   each value multiplied by its 1-based index
       O      #   take the sum of that
        Q     #   is equal to the second input (n)
          ā   # push the range [1..len(value)] == [1..w]
           ×  # repeat each digit in the select tuple that number of times

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Alternative 12 byters (Both find a subset of [1..w] that sums to n and build the triangle from that):

L©æ.ΔOQ}®å®×

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LDæIÅœÃнsåā×

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Answer 6

Charcoal, 48 40 28 bytes

ＮηＦ⮌…·¹Ｎ«Ｇ↘↖ιＩ¬‹ηι↓¿¬‹ηι≧⁻ιη

Try it online! Link is to verbose version of code. Takes arguments in the order n, w. Explanation: Port of @AZTECCO's answer.

Ｎη

Input n.

Ｆ⮌…·¹Ｎ«

Count from w down to 1.

Ｇ↘↖ιＩ¬‹ηι↓

Output a line of 1s or 0s depending on whether n is big enough.

¿¬‹ηι≧⁻ιη

Reduce n accordingly.

Previous 40 byte answer:

ＮθＦＮ⊞υ¹Ｅθ⭆Ｅ⌊⟦⊕ι⁻θι⟧‹⁺ιλ⊖θ∧›№υ¹λ⊟Ｅ⊕λ⊟υ‖Ｏ↘

Try it online! Link is to verbose version of code. Explanation:

Ｎθ

Input w.

ＦＮ⊞υ¹

Input n and make a list of that many 1s.

Ｅθ

Start drawing a triangle of height w.

⭆Ｅ⌊⟦⊕ι⁻θι⟧

Draw the upper left half of the triangle.

‹⁺ιλ⊖θ

Calculate whether this square lies on the diagonal or not.

∧›№υ¹λ⊟Ｅ⊕λ⊟υ

If n is large enough to need both this square and its reflection, then reduce n accordingly and output a 1, otherwise output a 0. This always works because the very last square is on the diagonal.

‖Ｏ↘

Reflect to complete the triangle.

Answer 7

C (gcc), 62 bytes

f(w,n,c){for(c=n>=w,w&&f(w-1,n-w*c);~w;putchar(w--?48+c:10));}

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Answer 8

Jelly, 13 bytes

ŒPS=¥ƇḢċ⁹xɗⱮ⁸

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A dyadic link taking w as its left argument and n as it’s right. Returns a list of lists of 0s and 1s. Based on the observation by @AZTECCO and @ovs that we can compose this solely of rows of 0s and 1s so be sure to upvote their answers too!

Answer 9

J, 33 bytes

((]echo@#>:)]0>.<:@],~[-]*>:)/^:_

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A function whose output (rather than return value) prints what we want.

Answer 10

Vyxal r, 18 16 bytes

⅛ɾṘƛ¼:n≤:Sn*,[-⅛

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⅛                # (Implicit input) Push to global array
 ɾṘ              # (Implicit input) range(1,n+1) reversed
   ƛ             # Foreach [n]
    ¼:           # Push from global array and duplicate [n,r,r]
      n≤         # Push n and check if r >= n [n,r,b]
        :Sn*,    # Duplicate, coerce to string (0 or 1), multi by n and output.
             [   # If ToS is truthy (r >= n) [n,r]
              -  # Subtract [r-n] (r flag reverses arguments)
               ⅛ # Push to global array. 

Due to a bug with redefining the register inside a lambda, I'm forced to use the global array. It works well though, and I don't think it'd be any more golfable if the register worked properly.

Based on the insight that everything can be made of rows of 1s and 0s.

Answer 11

R, 54 bytes

function(w,n)for(i in w:1){show(1:i&(a=n>=i));n=n-i*a}

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Using TRUE and FALSE as the values.