#fun with typecasts

• !!$foo will turn any truthy value to true (or 1 in output), falsy values (0, empty string, empty array) to false (or empty output)
  This will rarely be needed in code golf, for in most cases where you need a boolean, there is an implicit cast anyway.

• (int)$foo can be written as $foo|0 or foo^0, but may need parentheses.
  For booleans and strings, $foo*1 or +$foo can be used to cast to int.

• Unlike most other languages, PHP handles strings with numeric values as numbers. So if you have any string that contains a number you have to calculate with, just calculate.

• The other way does not work: To multiply any number in a variable with 10, you could append a zero: *10 -> .0. But in this case, PHP will take the dot as decimal point and complain. (It´s different though if you have a variable amount of zeroes in a string.)

• To turn an array into a string, use join instead of implode.
  If you don´t need a delimiter, don´t use it: join($a) does the same as join('',$a)

• Incrementing strings: The most amazing feature imo is that $s=a;$s++; produces $s=b;. This works with uppercase and lowercase characters. $s=Z;$s++; results in $s=AA;.
  This also works with mixed case: aZ to bA, A1 to A2, A9 to B0 and z99Z to aa00A.
  Decrement does not work on strings. (And it does not on NULL).
  Back in PHP 3, $n="001";$n++; produced $n="002";. I am a little sad they removed that.

Whatever you golf: always have the operator precedence table at hand.

fun with typecasts

• !!$foo will turn any truthy value to true (or 1 in output), falsy values (0, empty string, empty array) to false (or empty output)
  This will rarely be needed in code golf, for in most cases where you need a boolean, there is an implicit cast anyway.

• (int)$foo can be written as $foo|0 or foo^0, but may need parentheses.
  For booleans and strings, $foo*1 or +$foo can be used to cast to int.

• Unlike most other languages, PHP handles strings with numeric values as numbers. So if you have any string that contains a number you have to calculate with, just calculate.

• The other way does not work: To multiply any number in a variable with 10, you could append a zero: *10 -> .0. But in this case, PHP will take the dot as decimal point and complain. (It´s different though if you have a variable amount of zeroes in a string.)

• To turn an array into a string, use join instead of implode.
  If you don´t need a delimiter, don´t use it: join($a) does the same as join('',$a)

• Incrementing strings: The most amazing feature imo is that $s=a;$s++; produces $s=b;. This works with uppercase and lowercase characters. $s=Z;$s++; results in $s=AA;.
  This also works with mixed case: aZ to bA, A1 to A2, A9 to B0 and z99Z to aa00A.
  Decrement does not work on strings. (And it does not on NULL).
  Back in PHP 3, $n="001";$n++; produced $n="002";. I am a little sad they removed that.

Whatever you golf: always have the operator precedence table at hand.

#fun with typecasts

• !!$foo will turn any truthy value to true (or 1 in output), falsy values (0, empty string, empty array) to false (or empty output)
  This will rarely be needed in code golf, for in most cases where you need a boolean, there is an implicit cast anyway.

• (int)$foo can be written as $foo|0 or foo^0, but may need parentheses.
  For booleans and strings, $foo*1 or +$foo can be used to cast to int.

• Unlike most other languages, PHP handles strings with numeric values as numbers. So if you have any string that contains a number you have to calculate with, just calculate.

• The other way works as well: To multiply any number in a variable with 10, you can append a zero: *10 -> .0 saves one byte and has almost the same precedence.
  This does not work on any parenthesized expressions, function calls included.

• To turn an array into a string, use join instead of implode.
  If you don´t need a delimiter, don´t use it: join($a) does the same as join('',$a)

• Incrementing strings: The most amazing feature imo is that $s=a;$s++; produces $s=b;. This works with uppercase and lowercase characters. $s=Z;$s++; results in $s=AA;.
  This also works with mixed case: aZ to bA, A1 to A2, A9 to B0 and z99Z to aa00A.
  Decrement does not work on strings. (And it does not on NULL).
  Back in PHP 3, $n="001";$n++; produced $n="002";. I am a little sad they removed that.

Whatever you golf: always have the operator precedence table at hand.

#fun with typecasts

• !!$foo will turn any truthy value to true (or 1 in output), falsy values (0, empty string, empty array) to false (or empty output)
  This will rarely be needed in code golf, for in most cases where you need a boolean, there is an implicit cast anyway.

• (int)$foo can be written as $foo|0 or foo^0, but may need parentheses.
  For booleans and strings, $foo*1 or +$foo can be used to cast to int.

• Unlike most other languages, PHP handles strings with numeric values as numbers. So if you have any string that contains a number you have to calculate with, just calculate.

• The other way does not work: To multiply any number in a variable with 10, you could append a zero: *10 -> .0. But in this case, PHP will take the dot as decimal point and complain. (It´s different though if you have a variable amount of zeroes in a string.)

• To turn an array into a string, use join instead of implode.
  If you don´t need a delimiter, don´t use it: join($a) does the same as join('',$a)

• Incrementing strings: The most amazing feature imo is that $s=a;$s++; produces $s=b;. This works with uppercase and lowercase characters. $s=Z;$s++; results in $s=AA;.
  This also works with mixed case: aZ to bA, A1 to A2, A9 to B0 and z99Z to aa00A.
  Decrement does not work on strings. (And it does not on NULL).
  Back in PHP 3, $n="001";$n++; produced $n="002";. I am a little sad they removed that.

Whatever you golf: always have the operator precedence table at hand.

#fun with typecasts

• !!$foo will turn any truthy value to true (or 1 in output), falsy values (0, empty string, empty array) to false (or empty output)
  This will rarely be needed in code golf, for in most cases where you need a boolean, there is an implicit cast anyway.

• (int)$foo can be written as ($foo|0), and in most cases you can also drop the parentheses. $foo*1 or $foo+0 might be a better choice in some cases.

• Unlike most other languages, PHP handles strings with numeric values as numbers. So if you have any string that contains a number you have to calculate with, just calculate.

• The other way works as well: To multiply any number in a variable with 10, you can append a zero: *10 -> .0 saves one byte and has almost the same precedence.
  This does not work on any parenthesized expressions, function calls included.

• To turn an array into a string, use join instead of implode.
  If you don´t need a delimiter, don´t use it: join($a) does the same as join('',$a)

• Walking through strings char by char is at least two bytes (up to 10 bytes) shorter with foreach(str_split($s)as$i=>$c){$c} instead of for($i=0;$i<strlen($s);$i++){$s[$i]}.

Whatever you golf: always have the operator precedence table at hand.

#fun with typecasts

• !!$foo will turn any truthy value to true (or 1 in output), falsy values (0, empty string, empty array) to false (or empty output)
  This will rarely be needed in code golf, for in most cases where you need a boolean, there is an implicit cast anyway.

• (int)$foo can be written as $foo|0 or foo^0, but may need parentheses.
  For booleans and strings, $foo*1 or +$foo can be used to cast to int.

• Unlike most other languages, PHP handles strings with numeric values as numbers. So if you have any string that contains a number you have to calculate with, just calculate.

• The other way works as well: To multiply any number in a variable with 10, you can append a zero: *10 -> .0 saves one byte and has almost the same precedence.
  This does not work on any parenthesized expressions, function calls included.

• To turn an array into a string, use join instead of implode.
  If you don´t need a delimiter, don´t use it: join($a) does the same as join('',$a)

• Incrementing strings: The most amazing feature imo is that $s=a;$s++; produces $s=b;. This works with uppercase and lowercase characters. $s=Z;$s++; results in $s=AA;.
  This also works with mixed case: aZ to bA, A1 to A2, A9 to B0 and z99Z to aa00A.
  Decrement does not work on strings. (And it does not on NULL).
  Back in PHP 3, $n="001";$n++; produced $n="002";. I am a little sad they removed that.

Whatever you golf: always have the operator precedence table at hand.