Raku, 25 23 bytes

thanks ovs for 2 byte improvement

{grep($_%%*,1..$_).sum}

declare anonymous block ($_ implicitly declared)
filter (grep) numbers from 1 to $_ inclusive using the whatever variable (*) that are divisible by $_
get the sum of that list

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Raku, 25 23 22 bytes

thanks ovs for 2 byte improvement
also JoKing for 1 byte improvement

{sum grep $_%%*,1..$_}

declare anonymous block ($_ implicitly declared)
filter (grep) numbers from 1 to $_ inclusive using the whatever variable (*) that are divisible by $_
get the sum of that list

Try it online!

Raku, 25 bytes

{(1..$_).grep($_%%*).sum}

declare anonymous block
iterate over 1 to implicit parameter ($_ is declared when using block) inclusive
filter (grep) all the range numbers using the whatever variable (*) that are divisible by $_
get the sum of that list

Alternative 25

{^$_ .grep($_%%*).sum+$_}

^$_ will give you the range (0..$_ - 1) and then you just add $_ to the end

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Raku, 25 23 bytes

thanks ovs for 2 byte improvement

{grep($_%%*,1..$_).sum}

declare anonymous block ($_ implicitly declared)
filter (grep) numbers from 1 to $_ inclusive using the whatever variable (*) that are divisible by $_
get the sum of that list

Try it online!