Close-Knit Words

Question

Introduction

According to Rand Al'Thor's post in the Puzzling SE, a close-knit word is any word that contains three alphabetically consecutive letters (in any order).

Words like education, foghorn and cabaret are all considered close-knit words whereas words like learning, klaxon and perform are not close-knit words.

Challenge

The challenge is to code-golf a program capable of taking a single word as input (assumed lower case, for all intents and purposes) and to return output that (if available) lists all consecutive letter sets (also in lower case) if it is a close-knit word, and empty output if it is not a close-knit word.

Examples

Input: education
Output: cde

Input: foghorn
Output: fgh

Input: cabaret
Output: abc

Input: hijacking
Output: ghi, hij, ijk

Input: pneumonia
Output: mno, nop

Input: klaxon
Output: <<no output>>

Input: perform
Output: <<no output>>

Input: learning
Output: <<no output>>

Rules

1. Whereas input is to be assumed to be a single lower-case word and output must be lower-case, the nature of the output will vary according to the choice of your coding language. Please select a form of output that will best suit the nature of the challenge, whether it be STDOUT, file output, array, etc.
2. Because this is code-golf, it will be a case of lowest number of bytes being the clear winner.
3. No silly loopholes.
4. I will not accept answers that have the consecutive letters in non-alphabetical order... So cab will not be deemed a suitable output for cabaret, for example.
5. Special note, while the "triplets" don't necessarily have to be in alphabetical order, but the characters within the triplets must be... so in the case of the word "performance", for example, the output mno,nop will be accepted, as will nop,mno. In the case of the word "hijacking", there are six ways that the triplets of ghi, hij and ijk could be arranged in a list, and all six permutations are acceptable as output.

Other than that, on your marks, get set, golf!

Answer 1

Python 3.5, 68 bytes

w=input()
a=0
while 1:s='%c'*3%(a,a+1,a+2);a+=1;{*s}-{*w}or print(s)

Prints output strings, and terminates with error when the character value gets too large.

Generates all strings of three consecutive and prints those that are a subset of the input word.

Answer 2

05AB1E, 7 6 5 bytes

Code:

3ãAŒÃ

Explanation:

3ã      # Cartesian product × 3 with input
  AΠ   # All substrings of the alphabet
    Ã   # Setwise intersection

Uses the CP-1252 encoding. Try it online!

Answer 3

Pyth - 11 10 8 7 bytes

Super brute force method.

@^z3.:G

Test Suite.

@            Setwise intersection, finds common strings between the two lists
 ^           Cartesian product
  z          Input
  3          Of length 3
 .:          Substrings. Without second input finds all substrings which is ok
  G          Lowercase aphabet

Answer 4

Jelly, 7 bytes

ØaẆfṗ3$

This is a monadic link. Try it online!

How it works

ØaẆfṗ3$  Monadic link. Argument: s (string)

Øa       Yield the lowercase alphabet, i.e., a := "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
  Ẇ      Window; yields all substrings of a.
      $  Combine the two links to the left into a monadic chain.
    ṗ3   Take the third Cartesian power of s, yielding all combinations of three
         characters that can be formed from the letters in s.
   f     Filter; keep only those substrings of a that appear in the Cart. power.

Answer 5

JavaScript (ES6), 95 90 bytes

f=
s=>[...s].map(c=>a[parseInt(c,36)]=c,a=[])&&a.map((c,i)=>c+a[i+1]+a[i+2]).filter(c=>!c[3])
;

<input oninput="o.textContent=f(this.value).join`, `"><div id=o>

Missing values concatenate as undefined, so the resulting string contains greater than 3 characters. I borrowed the !c[3] trick from @ETHproductions to save 5 bytes.

Answer 6

Haskell, 48 bytes

f w=filter(all(`elem`w))[take 3[c..]|c<-['a'..]]

Generates all triples of three consecutive characters, takes those that use only letters in the input.

---

53 bytes:

f w=filter(all(`elem`w))[[pred$pred c..c]|c<-['c'..]]

The list ['c'..] contains all unicode characters from 'c' onward. The list comprehension [[pred$pred c..c]|c<-['c'..]] turns them into all strings of 3 consecutive characters from "abc" onward. We step backwards with [pred$pred c..c] instead of forwards with [c..succ$succ c] to avoid an error when taking the successor of the highest unicode character.

These triples are filtered for those that only use letters in the input.

Answer 7

Python 3.5, 78 bytes

s={*input()}
for c in s:o=ord(c);a=chr(o-2);b=chr(o-1);s>{a,b}and print(a+b+c)

Answer 8

PHP, 100 bytes

for($a="abc",$i=98;$i<123;$a=substr($a,1).chr(++$i))if(strstr(count_chars($argv[1],3),$a))echo"$a,";

takes input as command line argument; prints a trailing comma. run with -r.

Answer 9

C, 175 174 bytes

main(_,a,m,n)char**a;{char*s=a[1],*t=s;while(*++s)while(s>t&&(n=s[-1])>=*s){m=(*s^n)?*s:0;*s=n;*--s=m;!*t&&++t;}for(;t[1]&t[2];++t)*t==t[1]-1&&*t==t[2]-2&&printf("%.3s ",t);}

indented:

main(_,a,m,n)char**a;
{
  char*s=a[1],*t=s;
  while(*++s)
    while(s>t&&(n=s[-1])>=*s){
      m=(*s^n)?*s:0;
      *s=n;
      *--s=m;
      !*t&&++t;
    }
  for(;t[1]&t[2];++t)
    *t==t[1]-1&&*t==t[2]-2&&printf("%.3s ",t);
}

While doing the sort it replaces duplicate values with 0s, these 0s get sorted to the beginning of the word. Looking for the consecutive values is then trivial.

Answer 10

MATL, 13 bytes

2Y23YCtjmAZ)!

Try it online!

2Y2    % Push string of lowercase alphabet
3YC    % 2D char array with sliding blocks of size 3, each on a column
t      % Duplicate
j      % Take input
m      % Member function: true for elements of the 2D array that are in the input
A      % All: true for columns that consist of all true values
Z)     % Use as logical index into the columns of the 2D char array
!      % Transpose. Implicitly display

Answer 11

Perl, 36 bytes

Includes +1 for -n

Give input on STDIN:

perl -nE 'join("",a..z)=~/[$_]{3}(?{say$&})^/' <<< "hijacking"

Just the code:

join("",a..z)=~/[$_]{3}(?{say$&})^/

Answer 12

T-SQL, 153 bytes

Had to react on the comment from WallyWest, about it being long time since last TSQL answer. Answer was partly inspired by Brian J's answer

Golfed:

USE MASTER
DECLARE @ varchar(max)='hijacking'

;WITH C as(SELECT distinct ascii(substring(@,number,1))z FROM spt_values)SELECT CHAR(C.z)+CHAR(D.z)+CHAR(E.z)FROM C,C D,C E WHERE c.z+1=d.z and d.z=e.z-1

Fiddle

Ungolfed:

USE MASTER -- can be left out if the master database is already being used
DECLARE @ varchar(max)='hijacking'

;WITH C as
(
  SELECT distinct ascii(substring(@,number,1))z
  FROM spt_values
)
SELECT CHAR(C.z)+CHAR(D.z)+CHAR(E.z)
FROM C,C D,C E
WHERE c.z+1=d.z and d.z=e.z-1

Answer 13

Haskell, 63 60 52 bytes

f w=[x|x<-take 3<$>scanr(:)"_"['a'..],all(`elem`w)x]

Usage example: f "hijacking" -> ["ghi","hij","ijk"].

scanr(:)"_"['a'..] builds a list with the tails of the list of all unicode chars starting with 'a' and lets it end with a '_', i.e. ["abcde...\1114111_", "bcde...\1114111_", "cde...\1114111_", ..., "\1114109\1114110\1114111_", "\1114110\1114111_", "\1114111_", "_"]. Then we take up to three chars of each string and bind it to x. Keep all x where every letter of it is in the input parameter w.

Edit: @xnor saved 3 7 bytes. Thanks!

Answer 14

T-SQL (SQL Server 2014), 217 bytes

Golfed

declare @ table(a char)declare @i int=1while @i<=len(@a)begin insert into @ values(SUBSTRING(@a,@i,1))set @i+=1 end select distinct t.a+u.a+v.a from @ t,@ u,@ v where ASCII(t.a)+1=ASCII(u.a)and ASCII(u.a)+1=ASCII(v.a)

Usage

First declare the variable @a as a char of some sort and assign the input like so

declare @a varchar(max) = 'pneumoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis'

I didn't count the declare as part of my code, but I didn't find a sql standard for input, so I'm willing to change my counting

Output will either be one row for each triple, or no rows if the word is not close knit

Ungolfed

declare @temp table ( letter char(1) ) -- table to hold each letter of the word

declare @i int = 1

while @i <= len(@input) -- split each letter, and each row in @temp will have one letter
begin
    insert into @temp values (SUBSTRING(@input, @i, 1))
    set @i = @i + 1
end

-- join the letters table to itself to get three letter triples, where the three are in adjacent increasing order
-- use distinct because there might be duplicates in the word
select distinct t1.letter + t2.letter + t3.letter
from @temp t1
cross apply @temp t2
cross apply @temp t3
where ASCII(t1.letter) + 1 = ASCII(t2.letter)
and ASCII(t2.letter) + 1 = ASCII(t3.letter)

Answer 15

R, 220 bytes

My solution is pretty straightforward. It loops through the possible three letter combinations, loops through and checks the characters of the entered string against the three consecutive letters, and adds them to a string. The string is then only printed when three letters are found (c==4).

f<-function(w){if(nchar(w)>2){for(i in 1:24){
c<-1
t<-""
for(k in 1:3){for(j in 1:nchar(w)){if(substr(w,j,j)==intToUtf8(95+k+i)&c<4){
t<-paste(t,substr(w,j,j),sep="")
c<-c+1
break
}}}
if(c==4){print(paste(t))}}}}

input/output

> f("education")
> [1] "cde"
> > f("foghorn")
> [1] "fgh"
> > f("cabaret")
> [1] "abc"
> > f("hijacking")
> [1] "ghi"
> [1] "hij"
> [1] "ijk"
> > f("pneumonia")
> [1] "mno"
> [1] "nop"
> > f("klaxon")
> > f("perform")
> > f("learning")
> > 

Answer 16

Python 3.5, 114 111 88 80 79 bytes:

lambda X,W=[*map(chr,range(65,91))]:[i*({*X}>={*i})for i in zip(W,W[1:],W[2:])]

An anonymous lambda function. Takes input as an uppercase string and outputs an array of tuples, with the ones filled with three uppercase characters representing all sets of 3 consecutive letters that appear in the input. For example,

[(), (), (), (), (), (), ('G', 'H', 'I'), ('H', 'I', 'J'), ('I', 'J', 'K'), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), ()]

would be the output for input HIJACKING. This output format has been confirmed to be okay by OP. So has the only uppercase input format. However, if you want to input in only lowercase, simply replace range(65,91) with range(97,123), adding one more byte.

Repl.it with all Test Cases!

Explanation:

Basically what is happening here is:

1. A list, W, is created using W=[*map(chr,range(65,91))], which contains all the uppercase letters in the English alphabet. Because of this, an uppercase input is always required.

2. For each tuple, i, in a list, which we will call U, containing all three consecutive letter tuples, i.e.:

   U=[('A','B','C'),('B','C','D'),('C','D','E'),...]
   

   created by zip(W,W[1:],W[2:]), each i is fully added to the output list as long as all elements in the set version of i ({*i}) are in the set version of input X ({*X}), i.e. {*X}>={*i}, i.e. X is a superset of i. Otherwise, the empty version of i (()) is added to the list.

3. Once all the tuples have been gone through with the matches fully added, the list is returned as the final output.

Answer 17

Scala, 59 bytes

(s:Set[Char])=>'a'to'z'sliding 3 filter{_.toSet subsetOf s}

Ungolfed:

(s:Set[Char]) => ('a' to 'z').sliding(3).filter{threeChars => threeChars.toSet.subsetOf(s)}

Explanation:

(s:Set[Char])=>             //define a function with a Set of Chars called s as an argument
'a' to 'z'                  //create a Range of characters 'a' to 'z'
sliding 3                   //create an Iterator(Seq(a, b, c), Seq(b, c, d), Seq(c, d, e), ... , Seq(x, y, z))
filter{_.toSet subSetOf s}  //keep only the triplets which are a subset of s

Answer 18

Actually, 13 bytes

Golfing suggestions welcome. Try it online!

S3@╧`εj`M3úV∩

Ungolfing

                Implicit input string s.
S               sorted(s).
 3@╧            Push all length-3 combinations of s.
    `εj`M       Join all of those combinations into single strings.
         3úV    Push all slices of the lowercase alphabet of length 1 <= n <= b
            ∩   Push the intersection of the combinations and slices.
                Implicit return.

Answer 19

Java 7, 230 bytes

String c(char[]q){java.util.Arrays.sort(q);char a[]=new String(q).replaceAll("(.)\\1","$1").toCharArray(),c=97,i=2;String r="",z="",s;for(;c<'z';z+=c++);while(i<a.length)if(z.contains(s=""+a[i-2]+a[i-1]+a[i++]))r+=s+" ";return r;}

This can most likely be golfed, but the challenge was a lot tougher than I originally thought in Java..

Ungolfed & test cases:

Try it here.

class M{
  static String c(char[] q){
    java.util.Arrays.sort(q);
    char a[] = new String(q).replaceAll("(.)\\1", "$1").toCharArray(),
         c = 97,
         i = 2;
    String r = "",
           z = "",
           s;
    for(; c < 'z'; z += c++);
    while(i < a.length){
      if(z.contains(s = "" + a[i-2] + a[i-1] + a[i++])){
        r += s+" ";
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  public static void main(String[] a){
    System.out.println(c("education".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("foghorn".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("cabaret".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("hijacking".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("pneumonia".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("klaxon".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("perform".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("learning".toCharArray()));
    System.out.println(c("dblacghmeifjk".toCharArray()));
  }
}

Output:

cde 
fgh 
abc 
ghi hij ijk 
mno nop 



abc bcd cde def efg fgh ghi hij ijk jkl klm 

Answer 20

PowerShell v2+, 93 bytes

param($n)97..120|%{-join[char[]]($_,++$_,++$_)}|?{(-join([char[]]$n|sort|select -u))-match$_}

Feels much longer than required, but I can't seem to golf it any further.

Takes input $n. Loops from 97 to 120, constructing contiguous three-letter strings -- that is, up to the |?, we'll have abc, bcd, cde, etc. on the pipeline. Then that's fed through a Where-Object (the |?) to pull out only those items where the clause is true. Here, the clause is 1) the input string $n, cast as a char-array, sorted and select -unique'd, then -joined back into a string, 2) -matched against the three-letter strings (i.e., regex matching). If it's a match, then the three-letter string is in the word, and so it filters through the |?. The results are left on the pipeline and output is implicit.

Examples

(Note that here the output is space-separated, since we're stringifying the output by concatenation.)

PS C:\Tools\Scripts\golfing> 'education','foghorn','cabaret','hijacking','pneumonia','klaxon','perform','learning'|%{"$_ -> "+(.\close-knit-words.ps1 $_)}
education -> cde
foghorn -> fgh
cabaret -> abc
hijacking -> ghi hij ijk
pneumonia -> mno nop
klaxon -> 
perform -> 
learning -> 

Answer 21

Retina, 106 56 bytes

D`.
O`.
^
abc¶
{`^(.*)¶.*\1.*
$0¶$1
}T`_l`l;`^.*
2`.*¶?

Deduplicate, Sort. Add abc. Find if the substring is found and append if so. Translate to next substring. Repeat. Then remove first two lines.

Try it online

---

Naive solution:

D`.
O`.
!&`abc|bcd|cde|def|efg|fgh|ghi|hij|ijk|jkl|klm|lmn|mno|nop|opq|pqr|qrs|rst|stu|tuv|uvw|vwx|wxy|xyz

Deduplicate, Sort, then output overlapping matches of 3 sequential letters.

Try it online

Answer 22

JavaScript (Firefox 48), 93 bytes

x=>[for(c of a=[...new Set(x,i=0)].sort())if(parseInt(d=c+a[++i]+a[i+1],36)%1333==38&!d[3])d]

This lends itself to a 96-byte ES6 version:

x=>[...new Set(x)].sort().map((c,i,a)=>c+a[i+1]+a[i+2]).filter(x=>!x[3]&parseInt(x,36)%1333==38)

How it works

The first major chunk of the function is this:

[...new Set(x)].sort()

new Set(string) creates a Set object that contains one of each unique character in the string. For example, new Set("foghorn") will return Set ["f", "o", "g", "h", "r", "n"]. We can convert this into an array with [... ], then sort it with the built-in .sort(). This turns "foghorn" into ["f", "g", "h", "n", "o", "r"].

The next step is this:

.map((c,i,a)=>c+a[i+1]+a[i+2])

This maps each character in the array to the character concatenated with the two items after it. For example, ["f", "g", "h", "n", "o", "r"] => ["fgh", "ghn", "hno", "nor", "orundefined", "rundefinedundefined"]. (The undefineds pop up when you try to access a non-existent member of the array.

The final step is filtering:

.filter(x=>!c[3]&parseInt(x,36)%1333==38)

First, the !c[3]& is to rule out any strings that contain undefined. This is necessary because a bug causes the following algorithm to count e.g. gmundefined as a consecutive triplet.

All three-consecutive-char strings, when interpreted as base-36 numbers, are 38 modulo 1333. I figured this out by the following calculation:

• 012 (base 36) = 38
• 123 (base 36) = 1371
• 1371 - 38 = 1333
• 1371 mod 1333 ≡ 38 mod 1333 ≡ 38

Therefore, if a three-char string is 38 mod 1333 in base-36, the three characters are consecutive in the alphabet.

Test snippet

function test(x){O.innerHTML=/[^a-z]/.test(x)?"Invalid input":f(x);}
f=x=>[...new Set(x)].sort().map((c,i,a)=>c+a[i+1]+a[i+2]).filter(x=>!x[3]&parseInt(x,36)%1333==38)

<input id=I value="hijacked">
<button onclick="test(I.value)">Run</button>
<pre id=O>cde,hij,ijk</pre>

Answer 23

Racket 237 bytes

(define(f s)(let((lr(λ(l i)(list-ref l i)))(l(sort(map char->integer(string->list s))<)))(for((i(-(length l)2)))
(when(=(-(lr l(+ i 2))(lr l(+ i 1)))1(-(lr l(+ i 1))(lr l i)))(for((j 3))(display(string(integer->char(lr l(+ i j))))))))))

Testing:

(f "education")

Output:

cde

Detailed version:

(define(f2 s)
  (let ((lr (λ(l i)(list-ref l i)))
        (l (sort (map char->integer (string->list s)) <)))
  (for ((i (-(length l)2)))
    (when (=  (- (lr l (+ i 2)) (lr l (+ i 1)))
              1
              (- (lr l (+ i 1)) (lr l i)))
      (for((j 3))
        (display (string(integer->char (lr l (+ i j))))))))))

Answer 24

Ruby, 50 bytes

each_cons(3) gets all consecutive sublists of length 3 from the alphabet ?a..?z, then use e&s.chars==e to select only the ones that have all characters in the target string by using setwise intersection. Returns a list of lists.

->s{(?a..?z).each_cons(3).select{|e|e&s.chars==e}}

Try it online!

Answer 25

[R], 110 bytes

 f=function(b){a=combn(sort(utf8ToInt(b)),3);apply(unique(t(a[,which(apply(diff(a),2,prod)==1)])),1,intToUtf8)}

I'm sure its still golfable

Answer 26

Japt, 10 9 bytes

;Cã3 fUá3

Try it or run all test cases

;Cã3 fUá3     :Implicit input of string U
;C            :Lowercase alphabet
  ã3          :Substrings of length 3
     f        :Filter elements contained in
      Uá3     :Permutations of U of length 3