Pinyin Combinations

Question

Create a function that takes a string of a pinyin syllable as the argument, and returns true of the combination exists, false otherwise.

Use "v" for "ü".

Here is a full list of combinations. http://www.pinyin.info/rules/initials_finals.html

Examples

f("bu") == true
f("zheng") == true
f("nv") == true
f("ri") == true
f("cei") == false
f("ia") == false
f("kian") == false
f("qa") == false

Please, don't do things like scraping webpages or reading input method files to reduce character count. (If you do, the length of the data will be counted toward character count) One of the purposes of this code golf is to see how rules can be simplified. Shortest code wins.

Answer 1

JavaScript 1.6, 503 496 477 characters

function g(s){return/^([bfmpw]?o|[yjqx]ua?n|[ln]ve?|ei?|y[aio]ng|w?[ae]ng?|w?ai?|wei|y?ao|y?ou|y[ai]n?|yu?e|[^aeiou]+u)$/.test(s)|(((k=6*("ccsszzdflmnprtbghkjqx".indexOf(s[0])+(f=s[1]=='h')))|(r="a.e.ai.ei.ao.ou.an.ang.en.eng.ong.ua.uo.uai.ui.uan.uang.un.i.ia.ie.iao.iu.ian.iang.in.ing.iong.u.ue".split('.').indexOf(s.slice(f+1))))<0?0:k>84?r>17^k<108:parseInt("009m2f00b8jb009m2f00b7r3009m2n00b8jj1dwcfz0000rtfjba4f1xgbnjfj01rz1uyfb1009nn61b37cv1uyfa5".slice(k,k+6),36)>>r&1)}

Fomatted a little bit more readably (barring any errors in breaking the code into a few lines):

function _g(s)
{
  f = s[1] == 'h'
  k = "ccsszzdfghjklmnpqrtxb".indexOf(s[0]) * 6
  k += 6 * f
  return /^(weng|[bfmp]?o|[yjqx]ua?n|[ln]ve?|[ae]i?|y[aeiu]|y[aio]ng|[ae]ng?|wang?|wai?|we[in]|w[ou]|y?ao|y?ou?|y[ai]n|yue)$/.test(s) | 
         !!(k >= 0 && (1 << "a.e.ai.ei.ao.ou.an.ang.en.eng.ong.u.ua.uo.uai.ui.uan.uang.un.i.ia.ie.iao.iu.ian.iang.in.ing.iong.u.ue".split('.').indexOf(s.slice(f + 1)) & parseInt("00j85300mh2v00j85300mgan00j85b00mh332rsovz0002cp00b8jj00b8jjqmlts000b8jjv2mkfz3uwo3jv203jz3pwvelqmlts000jbaq2m6ewvqmlts03pwvdp".slice(k, k + 6), 36)))
}

The zero-initial cases plus a few one-offs are tested with a regular expression. After that, the table is encoded as a (concatenated) series of 6-digit, base-36 numbers, one per initial sound. The lookup then uses a pair of indexOf calls and a shift to select the right bit.

Tested against all cells in the table of combinations (filled cells tested for true, empty cells tested for false).

Edit: Replaced some of the 36 chars of the base-36 lookup with comparisons since g–, k–, h–, j–, q–, and z– have dense blocks of true/false.

Edit: Rearranged the bit test to avoid an unnecessary !! and compacted the regex more.

Answer 2

PHP, 548 characters

Granted, it's likely not optimal, but I wrote a regex to match valid pinyin combinations. Reduced characters by replacing repeating substrings with variables.

Code

<?php $a='?|e(i|ng?)';$b='|o(u|ng)|u';$c='|a?n)?|i(a[on]';$d='(a(ng?|o|i)';$e='|ng?)';$f='(i|ng)?';echo(preg_match("/^([bpm](a(i|o$e$a|u|o|i(e|a[on]$e?)|[pm]ou|m(e|iu)|f(a(ng?)?|ou$a|u)|d$d$a?$b(o|i$c?|e|u)?)|[dtnl]$d?|e$f$b(o$c|e)?)|[jqxy](i(a(o$e?|e|u|o?ng|n)|u(e|a?n))|([zcs]h?|r)i|[nl](ve?|i(n|ang?|u))|[dl]ia|[dt](ing|ui)|[dn]en|diu|([gkh]|[zcs]h?)(e(ng?)|a(o|ng?|i)?|ou|u(o|i|a?n)?)|r(e(ng?)?|a(o$e$b(a?n?|o|i)?)|[gkh](ei|ong|u(a$f))|[zcs]hua$f|([zcs]|[zc]h)ong|(z|[zs]h)ei|a(i|o$e?|ou$a?|w(u|a(i$e?|o|e(i$e))$/",$argv[1]))?"true":"false";

Usage

> php pinyin.php bu
> true
> php pinyin.php cei
> false

Answer 3

F#, 681 characters

type l=Y|J|Q|X|W|F|B|P|M|N|L|T|D|Z|K|H|Zh|G|Sh|Ch|C|S|R|Iong|Vn|Van|Ia|Iu|In|Iang|Ve|V|Ian|Iao|Ie|Ing|I|Ei|A|Ai|An|Ang|Eng|U|Ao|E|Ou|Uo|Uan|Un|Ui|En|Ong|Ua|Uang|Uai|Ueng|O
let v x=x.GetHashCode()
let n x=J.GetType().GetNestedType("Tags").GetFields().GetValue(v x).ToString().Substring(6).ToLower();
let(^)a b=List.collect(fun x->List.map(fun z-> n x+ n z)b)a
let(-)a b=[v a..v b]
let(&)a b=a@b
let(!)a=[v a]
[<EntryPoint>]
let main a=
 printf"%b"(List.exists(fun x->x=a.[0])(Y-X^Iong-I& !W^Ei-Ui@Ua-O& !F^Ei-A@An-U@ !Ou&(F-N@D-Sh)^ !En&F-M^ !O&B-M^ !In&N-L^Iu-Un& !D^Ia-Iu&B-D^Ian-Ao& !M^E-Ou&Ch-S^A-Ong&T-Sh^Ei-Ui&N-G^ !Ong&K-Ch^Ua-Uai& !R^An-Ua&(Sh-R@ !Z@ !Zh)^ !I&["lia";"pou";"mui"]))
 0

Doesn't quite get the syllables without initial consonant correct (Y, W etc).